Đề thi khảo sát chất lượng môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12 tỉnh Thanh Hóa năm học 2015 - 2016 chương trình chuẩn

Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion off 1066. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not expanded even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the course of the next two century, English began too spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves of English, speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy.
Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in English. Two thirds of the world's science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airport, and air traffic controllers. Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are non-native speakers, constituting the largest number of non-native users than any other language in the world.

Endangered species are plant and animal species which are in danger of extinction. Over 8,300 plant species and 7,200 animal species around the globe are threatened with extinction, and many thousands more extinct each year before biologists can identify them.
The primary causes of species extinction are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution. The drainage of wetlands, cutting of forests, urbanization and road and dam construction have destroyed or seriously damaged natural habitats. Since the 1600s, worldwide commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has seriously reduced the number of rare species. Toxic chemicals in the air and land, contaminated water and increased water temperatures have also driven many species to the verge of extinction.
Plant and animal extinction leads to a loss of biodiversity. Maintaining biodiversity is important for us in many ways. For example, humans depend on species diversity to have food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture. In addition, we benefit greatly from the many medicines and other products that biodiversity provides.
Different conservation efforts have been made in order to save endangered species. The Red List – a global list of endangered and vulnerable animal species – has been introduced to raise people’s awareness of conservation needs. Governments have enacted laws to protect wildlife from commercial trade and overhunting. A number of wildlife habitats reserves have been established so that a wide range of endangered species can have a chance to survive and develop.

We are using up the world’s petroleum. We use (31) ________ in our car and to heat our building in winter. Farmers use petrochemicals to (32) ________ the soil rich. They use them to kill insects(33) ________ eat plants. These chemicals go(34) ________ rivers and lakes and kill the fish there. Thousands of pollutants also go into the air and pollute it. Winds carry this (35) ________ air to other countries and other continents. Poor farmers use the same land over a rest so it will be better next year. However, the farmers must (36) ________ food this year. Poor people cut down forests (37) ________ firewood. In some areas when the trees are gone, the land becomes desert. Poor people (38) ________ save the environment for the future. This is not a problem for one country or one are of the world. It’s a problem for all humans. The people and the nations of(39) ________ world must work together to (40) ________ the world’s resources.