Cách sử dụng Must, Mustn't và Needn't trong tiếng Anh
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Cách dùng Must - Mustn't - Needn't
A. Phân biệt Must - Mustn't - Needn't
You must do something = bạn cần thiết phải làm điều đó
Ví dụ: - Don't tell anybody what I said. You must keep it a secret.
Đừng nói với ai những điều tôi nói nhé. Bạn phải giữ bí mật.
- We haven't got much time. We must hurry.
Chúng ta không có nhiều thời giờ. Chúng ta phải khẩn trương.
You mustn't do something = Điều cần thiết là bạn không phải làm điều gì đó (vì vậy đừng làm)
Ví dụ: - You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anybody else.
(= don't tell anybody else)
Bạn phải giữ bí mật điều đó. Bạn không được nói với bất cứ ai.
- It's essential that nobody hears us. We mustn't make any noise.
Điều cốt yếu là không ai nghe thấy chúng ta. Chúng ta không được tạo ra
tiếng động.
You needn't do something = Không cần thiết để bạn làm điều đó (bạn không cần làm điều đó)
Ví dụ: - You can come with me if you like but you needn't come if you don't want to.
(=it is not necessary for you to come)
Bạn có thể đi với tôi nếu bạn thích nhưng bạn không cần đi nếu bạn không muốn.
(= bạn không cần thiết phải đi)
- We've got plenty of time. We needn't hurry. (= it is not necessary to hurry)
Chúng ta có nhiều thì giờ. Chúng ta không cần phải vội. (= không cần phải vội)
B. Sử dụng don't/ doesn't/ need to thay cho needn't
Ví dụ:
- We needn't hurry. hoặc We don't need to hurry.
Chúng ta không cần phải vội.
Bạn cần nhớ rằng: chúng ta nói "don't need to do" nhưng "needn't do" (không có to)
Don't need to và Needn't" là tương đương với don't have to.
Ví dụ:
- We've got plenty of time. We don't have to hurry.
Chúng ta có nhiều thì giờ. Chúng ta không cần phải vội.
C. Cách sử dụng Needn't have (done) trong tiếng Anh
Ví dụ tình huống:
(George had to go out. He thought it was going to rain, so he decided to take the umbrella)
(George phải đi ra ngoài. Anh ấy nghĩ là trời sẽ mưa, nên anh ấy quyết định mang theo dù.)
- I think it's going to rain. I'll take the umbrella.
Tôi nghĩ trời sắp mưa. Tôi sẽ mang theo dù.
(But it didn't rain, so the umbrella was not necessary)
(Nhưng trời đã không mưa, vì vậy cái dù là không cần thiết)
- I needn't have brought the umbrella.
(Lẽ ra) Tôi đã không cần phải mang theo dù.
- He needn't have taken the umbrella.
Anh ấy đã không cần phải mang theo dù.
"He needn't have taken the umbrella" = Anh ấy đã mang theo dù nhưng nó không cần thiết. Dĩ nhiên, anh ấy không biết điều này lúc anh ấy đi.
So sánh needn't (do) và needn't have (done):
- That shirt isn't dirty. You needn't wash it.
Cái áo đó không bẩn. Anh không cần giặt nó đâu.
- Why did you wash shirt? It wasn't dirty. You needn't have washed it.
Tại sao anh lại giặt cái áo đó? Nó đâu có bẩn. Anh đã không cần phải giặt nó.
D. So sánh didn't need to (do) và needn't have (done)
I didn't need to... = Đã không cần thiết để tôi phải ... (tôi đã biết điều này ngay từ đầu):
Ví dụ: - I didn't need to get up early, so I didn't.
Tôi đã không cần phải dậy sớm, vì vậy tôi đã không dậy.
- I didn't need to get up early, but it was a lovely morning, so I did.
Tôi đã không cần phải dậy sớm, nhưng đó là một buổi sáng đẹp trời, vì vậy
tôi đã dậy.
I needn't have (done) something = Tôi đã làm điều đó nhưng bây giờ tôi biết điều đó là không cần thiết.
- I got up very early because I had to get ready to go away. But in fact it didn't take me long to get ready. So, I needn't have got up so early. I could have stayed in bed longer.
Tôi đã dậy rất sớm vì tôi phải chuẩn bị đi xa. Nhưng thật ra việc chuẩn bị
của tôi đã không mất nhiều thì giờ. Vì vậy lẽ ra tôi đã không cần phải dậy
sớm như vậy. Tôi đã có thể ngủ thêm lâu hơn.
E. Bài tập cách dùng must mustn't needn't có đáp án
Bài 1: Complete the sentences using needn't + the following verbs:
ask; come; explain; leave; tell; walk
1. We've got plenty of time. We needn't leave yet.
2. I can manage the shopping alone. You .... with me.
3. We .... all the way home. We can get a taxi.
4. Just help yourself if you' d like more to eat. You .... First.
5. We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We .... anybody else.
6. I understand the situation perfectly. You .... further.
Đáp án
2. needn't come
3. needn't walk
4. needn't ask
5. needn't tell
6. needn't explain
Bài 2: Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't
1 We haven't got much time. We must hurry.
2 We've got plenty of time. We needn't hurry.
3 We have enough food at home, so we .... go shopping today.
4 Gary gave me a letter to post. I .... remember to post it.
5 Gary gave me a letter to post. I .... forget to post it.
6 There's plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ....decide now.
7 You .... wash those tomatoes. They've already been washed.
8 This is a valuable book. You .... look after it carefully and you .... lose it.
9 A: What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?
B: Well, it .... be big- that's not so important. But it .... Have a nice garden-that's essential.
Đáp án
3 needn't
4 must
5 mustn't
6 needn't
7 needn't
8 must .... mustn't
9 needn't .... must
Bài 3: Read the situations and make sentences with needn't have.
1. Paul went out. He took an umbrella because he thought it was going to rain. But it didn't rain.
He needn't have taken an umbrella.
2. Linda bought some eggs when she went shopping. When she got home, she found that she already had plenty of eggs.
She ....................
3. A colleague got angry with you at work. He should at you which you think was unnecessary.
Later you say to him: You ..........................
4. Brian had money problems, so he sold his car. A few days later he won some money in a lottery.
He .......................
5. We took a camcorder with us on holiday, but we didn't use it in the end.
We ........................
6. I thought I was going to miss my train, so I rushed to the station. But the train was late and in the end I had to wait twenty minutes
..................................
Đáp án
2 She needn't have bought eggs
3 You needn't have shouted at me.
4 He needn't have sold his car.
5 We needn't have taken the camcorder
6 I needn't have rushed
Bài 4: Write two sentences for each situation. Use needn't have in the first sentence and could have in the second.
1 Why did you rush? Why didn't you take your time?
You needn't have rushed. You could have taken your time.
2 Why did you walk home? Why didn't you take a taxi.
................................
3 Why did you stay at a hotel? Why didn't you stay with us.
................................
4 Why did she phone me in the middle of the night? Why didn't she wait until the morning
.................................
5 Why did you leave without saying anything? Why didn't you say goodbye.
................................
Đáp án
2 You needn't have walked home. You could have taken a taxi.
3 You needn't have stayed at a hotel. You could have stayed with us.
4 She needn't have phoned me in the middle of the night. She could have waited until the morning
5 You needn't have left without saying anything. You could have said goodbye.
Bài 5. Hoàn thành câu .Sử dụng "Must" kết hợp với các động từ dưới đây:
be; go; go; learn; meet; wash; win
1. We must go to the bank today. We haven't got any money.
2. Marilyn is a very interesting person. You __________ her.
3. My hands are dirty. I __________ them.
4. You __________to drive. It will be very useful.
5. I __________ to the post office. I need some stamps.
6. The game tomorrow is very important for us. We __________.
7. You can't always have things immediately. You __________patient.
Đáp án
2 - must meet;
3 - must wash;
4 - must learn;
5 - must go;
6 - must win;
7 - must be;
Bài 6. Hoàn thành câu. Điền "mustn't" hoặc "Needn't" kết hợp với các động từ dưới đây:
clean; forget; hurry; lose; wait; write
1. The window aren't very dirty. You needn't clean them
2.We have a lot of time. We ____________.
3. Keep these documents in a safe place. You ___________ them.
4. I'm not ready yet but you _________ for me. You can go now and I'll come later.
5. We __________to turn off the lights before we leave.
6. I _____________the letter now. I can do it tomorrow.
Đáp án
2 - needn't hurry;
3 - mustn't lose;
4 - needn't wait;
5 - mustn't forget
6 - needn't write;
Bài 7. Fill in the blanks with “must” or “mustn’t”
1. We ………… leave right now. We are going to be late for school.
2. Susan has got a very important exam tomorrow. She ………… watch TV.
3. The students ………… run in corridors. They might fall.
4. You ………… go out without your coat. It is freezing outside.
5. We ………… protect the animals and environment.
6. If you want to go university, you ………… sutdy regularly.
1. We ……must…… leave right now. We are going to be late for school.
2. Susan has got a very important exam tomorrow. She …mustn’t……… watch TV.
3. The students ……mustn’t…… run in corridors. They might fall.
4. You ……mustn’t…… go out without your coat. It is freezing outside.
5. We ……must…… protect the animals and environment.
6. If you want to go university, you ……must…… sutdy regularly.
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