Đề thi học học kì 1 lớp 12 môn tiếng Anh trường THPT Chu Văn An, Hà Nội năm học 2017 - 2018 có đáp án

Đề thi học kì 1 môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 1: It was not only cold but it also snowed a few days ago.

A. Was it not only cold but it also snowed a few days ago.

B. Not only was it cold but it also snowed a few days ago.

C. It was not only cold but did it also snow a few days ago.

D. Not only it was cold but did it also snow a few days ago.

Question 2: The meeting was put off because of pressure of time.

A. The meeting was planned to start late because of time pressure.

B. The meeting started earlier because people wanted to leave early.

C. There was not enough time to hold the meeting.

D. The meeting lasted much longer than usual.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The Development of Refrigeration

Cold storage, or refrigeration, is keeping food at temperatures between 32 and 45 degrees F in order to delay the growth of microorganisms - bacteria, molds, and yeast - that cause food to spoil. Refrigeration produces few changes in food, so meats, fish, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables keep their original flavor, color, and nutrition. Before artificial refrigeration was invented, people stored perishable food with ice or snow to lengthen its storage time. Preserving food by keeping it in an ice-filled pit is a 4,000-year-old art. Cold storage areas were built in basements, cellars, or caves, lined with wood or straw, and packed with ice. The ice was transported from mountains, or harvested from local lakes or rivers, and delivered in large blocks to homes and businesses.

Artificial refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance, container, or enclosed area, to lower its temperature. The heat is moved from the inside of the container to the outside. A refrigerator uses the evaporation of a volatile liquid, or refrigerant, to absorb heat. In most types of refrigerators, the refrigerant is compressed, pumped through a pipe, and allowed to vaporize. As the liquid turns to vapor, it loses heat and gets colder because the molecules of vapor use energy to leave the liquid. The molecules left behind have less energy and so the liquid becomes colder. Thus, the air inside the refrigerator is chilled.

Scientists and inventors from around the world developed artificial refrigeration during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. William Cullen demonstrated artificial refrigeration in Scotland in 1748, when he let ethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. In 1805, American inventor Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration machine that used vapor instead of liquid. In 1842, physician John Gorrie used Evans's design to create an air-cooling apparatus to treat yellow-fever patients in a Florida hospital. Gorrie later left his medical practice and experimented with ice making, and in 1851 he was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration. In the same year, an Australian printer, James Harrison, built an ether refrigerator after noticing that when he cleaned his type with ether it became very cold as the ether evaporated. Five years later, Harrison introduced vapor-compression refrigeration to the brewing and meatpacking industries.

Brewing was the first industry in the United States to use mechanical refrigeration extensively, and in the 1870s, commercial refrigeration was primarily directed at breweries. German-born Adolphus Busch was the first to use artificial refrigeration at his brewery in St. Louis. Before refrigeration, brewers stored their beer in caves, and production was constrained by the amount of available cave space. Brewing was strictly a local business since beer was highly perishable and shipping it any distance would result in spoilage. Busch solved the storage problem with the commercial vapor- compression refrigerator. He solved the shipping problem with the newly invented refrigerated railcar, which was insulated with ice bunkers in each end. Air came in on the top, passed through the bunkers, and circulated through the car by gravity. In solving Busch's spoilage and storage problems, refrigeration also revolutionized an entire industry. By 1891, nearly every brewery was equipped with mechanical refrigerating machines.

The refrigerators of today rely on the same basic principle of cooling caused by the rapid evaporation and expansion of gases. Until 1929, refrigerators used toxic gases - ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide - as refrigerants. After those gases accidentally killed several people, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) became the standard refrigerant. However, they were found to be harmful to the earth's ozone layer, so refrigerators now use a refrigerant called HFC 134a, which is less harmful to the ozone.

Question 6. What is the main reason that people developed methods of refrigeration?

A. They needed to slow the natural processes that cause food to spoil.

B. They wanted to improve the flavor and nutritional value of food.

C. They needed a use for the ice that formed on lakes and rivers.

D. They wanted to expand the production of certain industries.

Question 7. The word “perishable” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___________.

A. uncooked B. ofanimal origin C. highly nutritious D. capable of spoiling

Question 8. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about cold storage before the invention of artificial refrigeration?

A. It required a container made of metalor wood. B. It was not a safe method of preserving meat.

C. It kept food cold for only abouta week. D. It was dependent on a source of ice or snow.

Question 9. Artificial refrigeration involves all of the following processes EXCEPT__________.

A. the pumping of water vapor througha pipe B. the rapid expansion of certain gases

C. the evaporation of avolatile liquid D. the transfer of heat from one place to another

Question 10. According to the passage, who was the first person to use artificial refrigeration for a practical purpose?

A. JohnGorrie B. William Cullen C. Oliver Evans D. Adolphus Busch

Question 11. The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to_____________.

A. printer B. type C. refrigerator D. ether

Question 12. The word “constrained” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________.

A. restricted B. spoiled C. improved D. alternated

Question 13. According to the passage, the first refrigerated railcar used what material as a cooling agent?

A. ether B. ammonia C. CFCs D. ice

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 14: Vietnamese culture is dynamic and expressed in various ways. This is due to individual life experience and personality.

A. Vietnamese culture is dynamic and expressed in various ways, according to individual life experience and personality.

B. Vietnameseculture is dynamic and expressed in various ways, owing to individual life experience and personality.

C. Vietnamese culture through individual life experience and personality is dynamic and expressed in various ways.

D. Vietnamese culture is dynamic and expressed in various in individual life experience and personality.

Question 15: Wild dogs are found in different parts of the world. Wild dogs, domestic dogs, wolves, jackals and foxes have the same ancestors.

A. Wild dogs whose ancestors are the same as domestic dogs, wolves, jackals and foxes are found in different parts of the world.

B. Wild dogs are found in different parts of the world where they share ancestors with wild dogs, domestic dogs, wolves, jackals and foxes.

C. Wild dogs, domestic dogs that are found in different parts of the world and also wolves, jackals and foxes have the same ancestors.

D. In different parts of the world, wild dogs and domestic dogs share ancestors with wolves, jackals and foxes.

Đáp án Đề thi học kì 1 môn tiếng Anh lớp 12

MÃ ĐỀ 208

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