\(a) 2x^{2} - 2xy - 5x + 5y = 2x(x - y) - 5(x - y) = (x - y)(2x - 5);\)
\(b) 8x^{2} + 4xy - 2ax - ay = 4x(2x + y) - a(2x + y) = (2x + y)(4x - a);\)
\(c) x^{3} - 4x^{2} + 4x = x(x^{2} - 4x + 4) = x(x - 2)^{2};\)
\(d) 2xy - x^{2} - y^{2} + 16 = 16 - (x^{2} - 2xy + y^{2}) = 4^{2} - (x - y)^{2} = (4 - x + y)(4 + x - y);\)
\(e) x^{2} - y^{2} - 2yz - z^{2} = x^{2} - (y^{2} + 2yz + z^{2}) = x^{2} - (y + z)^{2} = (x - y - z)(x + y + z);\)
\(g) 3a^{2} - 6ab + 3b^{2} - 12c^{2} = 3(a^{2} - 2ab + b^{2} - 4c^{2})\)\(= 3[(a - b)^{2} - (4c)^{2}] = 3(a - b - 4c)(a - b + 4c).\)