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UNIT 6: EDUCATION

Target language:

• Decline invitations and express obligations

• Talk about how you feel about school

• Present Simple and "have to"

• Intensifiers and "because"

• Talk about studying abroad experience

1. Do you have a lot of homework/presentations/projects… at school?

Yes, I do. Many students often have a variety of academic tasks to complete at school. The workload can vary depending on factors like grade level, courses taken, and individual teacher requirements. Some students may have more assignments or projects than others, but it's common for students to have various academic responsibilities to manage.

2. Do you have to finish a book report/give a presentation/study for a test… tonight?

Yes. I have a big test next week. And I have to study really hard for this test. Studying for a test is crucial for students. They organize study materials, create a study plan, and use active techniques like summarizing notes and practicing problems. Finding a quiet environment and taking breaks are important for concentration. Effective study habits and consistent preparation help students feel confident and perform well on tests.

3. What things do/don't you have to do at home?

At home, people have various responsibilities and tasks they need to attend to. Some common things they may need to do include chores like cleaning, cooking, and laundry, as well as taking care of pets, paying bills, and maintaining the household. Additionally, they may have personal or work-related tasks to complete, such as studying, working on projects, or running errands.

On the other hand, there are also things people may not have to do at home, depending on their circumstances and preferences. For example, they may not have to commute to work if they work remotely, or they may not have to attend social events or gatherings if they prefer to stay home. Additionally, some tasks like yard work or home repairs may be outsourced or delegated to others if desired. Ultimately, the things people do or don't have to do at home can vary greatly depending on individual lifestyles and priorities.

4. How are you feeling now?

5. How do you feel when you fail a test/when your mom buys you a gift/when your soccer team loses…?

- Failing a test can make students feel disappointed, frustrated, or anxious. It's normal to feel discouraged, but it's important to remember that one test doesn't define your abilities. Instead, use it as an opportunity to learn from mistakes and improve for the future.

- Receiving a gift from your mom can evoke feelings of happiness, gratitude, and appreciation. It's a gesture that shows love and thoughtfulness, making you feel valued and cared for. Whether it's a small token of affection or something you've been hoping for, the act of receiving a gift from your mom can brighten your day and strengthen your bond with her. It's a reminder of her affection and support, which can bring joy and warmth to your heart.

- Losing a soccer game can be disappointing and frustrating. It's natural to feel sad when your team doesn't win, especially if you were hoping for a victory. However, it can also be a learning experience that motivates players to improve and work harder in the future. Despite the disappointment, the camaraderie of being part of a team can help soften the blow of defeat.

6. Is it good or bad to study abroad?

Studying abroad has both positives and negatives. On the positive side, it offers opportunities for personal growth, cultural immersion, and enhanced career prospects. However, challenges like homesickness, cultural differences, and financial considerations should also be considered. Ultimately, whether it's good or bad depends on individual preferences and circumstances.

7-8. Do you plan to study abroad? What problems do you think you would have?

No, I don’t. However, if I were to speculate on potential problems I might encounter, they could include adapting to a new cultural and academic environment, navigating language barriers, and managing homesickness or feelings of isolation. Additionally, there may be technical challenges related to accessing and processing information in a different educational system or language. Overall, while studying abroad can offer valuable opportunities for growth and learning, it's important to be aware of potential challenges and plan accordingly.

9. Do you think it is easy to make friends/learn a new language/take care of yourself… abroad?

Making friends, learning a new language, and taking care of yourself abroad can be challenging but also rewarding. While it may require effort to overcome language barriers and cultural differences, many people find that immersion in a new environment fosters personal growth and resilience. With an open mind and willingness to learn, it's possible to navigate these challenges and thrive in international experiences.

10. Talk about your study abroad plan:

- Where you are going

- When you are going

- What positive experiences you think you would have

- What problems you think you would have

- How you think you would feel

If I were to create a study abroad plan:

Where: I would like to study abroad in Spain, immersing myself in the rich culture and language of the country.

When: I plan to go during the fall semester of next year to coincide with the academic calendar and experience Spanish culture during festive events like La Tomatina or Dia de los Muertos.

Positive experiences: I anticipate having the opportunity to improve my Spanish language skills through immersion, explore historic landmarks like the Alhambra and Sagrada Familia, and engage with local traditions and customs such as flamenco dancing and enjoying tapas.

Potential problems: Language barriers and cultural differences may present initial challenges in communication and adjustment to daily life. Additionally, navigating academic requirements, housing arrangements, and unfamiliar surroundings could be daunting at first.

Feelings: I expect to feel excited about the prospect of immersing myself in a new culture and gaining valuable life experiences. However, I may also feel nervous or apprehensive about the unknown challenges and uncertainties that come with studying abroad.

Overall, I believe that studying abroad in Spain would be an enriching and transformative experience, despite the potential challenges.

UNIT 7: TRANSPORTATION

Target language:

• Describe and identify personal belongings

• Compare different types of transportation

• Possessive pronouns and adjectives in order

• "(not) as...as..."

• Talk about kinds of transportation

1. Do you like traveling?

Yes, I do. I enjoy traveling for various reasons, such as exploring new cultures, experiencing different cuisines, and seeing iconic landmarks. Whether someone likes traveling often depends on their individual interests, experiences, and priorities.

2. What do you usually bring when you go traveling?

When traveling, people usually bring essentials like clothing appropriate for the destination, toiletries, travel documents, electronics, medications, and first aid items. Money, travel guides, and maps are also important. Packing efficiently ensures a comfortable and enjoyable trip.

3. Do you bring your passport/ backpack/ luggage?

When it comes to traveling, bringing a passport is essential for international trips as it serves as identification and proof of citizenship. A backpack or luggage is also necessary for carrying personal belongings and essentials during the journey.

4. What color is your/your sister’s/your brother’s… suitcase?

Some common colors for suitcases of my mom include black, blue, gray, red, and purple,

5. How do you usually go to school?

Many people typically go to school by walking, biking, taking a bus, driving, or using other forms of transportation like trains or subways, depending on where they live and what's available to them. For me, I go to school by bike every school day.

6. Do you usually use public transport?

I don't use any form of transportation. But yes, many people use public transport to get around, especially in urban areas where it's often more convenient than driving. Public transportation can include buses, trains, subways, trams, and other modes of transit that are available to the public. It's often a more sustainable and cost-effective option for many people.

7. What kinds of public transport do you like?

Some common types of public transport:

- Bus: Versatile and covers various routes.

- Train/Subway: Efficient for longer distances and city travel.

- Tram/Light Rail: Balance between bus flexibility and train speed.

- Bicycle Sharing: Eco-friendly option for short distances.

- Ferry/Boat: Scenic transport in coastal areas.

8. What types of transportation are there in your neighborhood?

In my neighborhood, there are several types of transportation available:

- Bus: Local bus routes that connect various parts of the neighborhood and surrounding areas.

- Subway/Train: A subway station nearby that provides access to the city center and other parts of the region.

- Bicycle Lanes: Dedicated lanes for cyclists, making biking a popular and convenient option for short trips.

- Walking Paths: Well-maintained sidewalks and pedestrian-friendly streets encourage walking as a mode of transportation.

- Rideshare Services: Access to rideshare apps for convenient on-demand transportation when needed.

These options provide a good mix of public and private transportation, catering to different preferences and needs within the neighborhood. What types of transportation are available in your neighborhood?

9. What do you prefer: buses or trains, planes or taxis…? Why?

- Buses vs. Trains: Buses are often more flexible in terms of routes and accessibility, while trains tend to be faster and more efficient for longer distances and in areas with high population density.

- Planes vs. Taxis: Planes are ideal for long-distance travel, offering speed and efficiency over vast distances. Taxis, on the other hand, provide door-to-door service and can be more convenient for shorter trips within cities or when public transport is less accessible.

The preference between these options often depends on factors such as distance, convenience, cost, time, and personal comfort. Some people may prefer the speed and efficiency of trains or planes for longer journeys, while others may appreciate the flexibility and door-to-door service offered by buses or taxis.

10. What kinds of transport do you think people will use in the future?

In the future, transportation trends may include:

1.Electric and Autonomous Vehicles: More electric cars and self-driving technology.

2.Shared Mobility: Increased use of ride-sharing and bike-sharing services.

3.High-Speed Rail and Hyperloop: Faster and more efficient long-distance travel options.

4.Urban Air Mobility: Emergence of flying taxis and drones for short-distance travel.

5.Sustainable Transportation: Focus on walking, cycling, and eco-friendly modes.

6.Smart Transportation Systems: Integration of technology to optimize traffic flow.

These trends aim to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and accessibility in transportation.

UNIT 8: FESTIVALS AROUND THE WORLD

Target language:

• Talk about festivals around the world

• Compare how different countries celebrate festivals

• Future Simple

• "like" and "different from"

• Talk about your favorite festival

1. Are there many festivals in your country? - What are some famous festivals in your country?

Yes, Vietnam is known for its vibrant and diverse festival culture. There are numerous festivals celebrated throughout the country, reflecting its rich history, cultural heritage, and religious traditions. These festivals range from traditional lunar New Year celebrations like Tet to religious festivals honoring deities and ancestors, as well as festivals celebrating agricultural seasons, folklore, and local customs. Some well-known festivals in Vietnam include the Tet Nguyen Dan (Lunar New Year), Mid-Autumn Festival, Hung Kings' Temple Festival, and various regional festivals such as the Hue Festival and Hoi An Lantern Festival. These festivals play a significant role in Vietnamese cultural life, bringing communities together and showcasing the country's unique traditions and customs.

2. What do people usually do in those festivals?

During festivals in Vietnam, people engage in a variety of activities depending on the specific festival and its cultural significance. Here are some common activities that people typically participate in during Vietnamese festivals:

- Family Reunions: Festivals, especially Tet (Lunar New Year), are occasions for families to come together, share meals, and celebrate.

- Traditional Performances: Many festivals feature traditional music, dance, and theater performances, showcasing the country's cultural heritage.

- Street Parades: Colorful processions and street parades are common during festivals, often featuring vibrant costumes, floats, and traditional music.

- Cultural Rituals: Festivals often involve traditional rituals and ceremonies, such as offerings to ancestors or prayers for good fortune.

- Food and Drink: Festivals are celebrated with special foods and delicacies, with families and communities preparing traditional dishes to share with one another.

- Games and Activities: Festivals often include games, contests, and other activities for people of all ages to enjoy, fostering a sense of community spirit and camaraderie.

- Art and Craft Exhibitions: Festivals may feature exhibitions of traditional crafts, artwork, and handicrafts, providing opportunities for local artisans to showcase their talents.

Overall, festivals in Vietnam are lively and festive occasions that bring communities together to celebrate, honor traditions, and enjoy cultural activities.

3. Do people have a bonfire/have an eating competition/see a hot-air balloon…?

Bonfires, eating competitions, and hot-air balloon rides are not typical features of traditional Vietnamese festivals. However, some modern events in Vietnam may include these activities for entertainment purposes, especially those influenced by Western traditions or organized for tourism. Traditional Vietnamese festivals primarily involve family reunions, cultural performances, rituals, food sharing, and community gatherings.

4. Do you know any festivals around the world?

there are countless festivals celebrated around the world, each with its own unique cultural significance and traditions. Here are just a few examples:

- Oktoberfest (Germany): One of the world's largest beer festivals held annually in Munich, Bavaria, featuring beer, traditional Bavarian foods, music, and parades.

- Carnival (Brazil): A vibrant festival celebrated before Lent, featuring elaborate parades, samba music, dancing, and colorful costumes in cities like Rio de Janeiro and Salvador.

- Diwali (India): Also known as the Festival of Lights, Diwali is a major Hindu festival celebrated with fireworks, oil lamps, feasting, and the exchange of gifts to symbolize the victory of light over darkness and good over evil.

- Chinese New Year (China): Also known as the Spring Festival, it is the most important traditional festival in China, marked by family reunions, fireworks, dragon and lion dances, and the giving of red envelopes (hongbao) containing money.

- Holi (India and Nepal): A colorful Hindu festival celebrated in the spring, known as the Festival of Colors, where participants throw colored powders and water at each other in celebration of the arrival of spring and the triumph of good over evil.

- Mardi Gras (USA): A lively carnival celebrated mainly in New Orleans, Louisiana, featuring parades, masquerade balls, music, and indulgent feasting before the fasting period of Lent begins.

These are just a few examples, but there are countless festivals celebrated worldwide, each offering a unique cultural experience and celebration.

5. What do people usually do to celebrate Lunar New Year/Mid-Autumn Festival/Christmas?

1. Lunar New Year (Tet):

·Family Reunions: People travel long distances to reunite with family members and enjoy special meals together.

·Cleaning and Decorating: Homes are thoroughly cleaned to remove bad luck and decorated with flowers, lanterns, and traditional ornaments.

·Giving Gifts: Red envelopes (lucky money) are given to children and unmarried adults as a symbol of good luck and prosperity.

·Visiting Temples: Many people visit temples to pray for health, happiness, and prosperity in the new year.

·Fireworks: Fireworks displays are common, believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck.

2.Mid-Autumn Festival:

·Mooncakes: Families gather to enjoy mooncakes, a traditional pastry filled with sweet fillings like lotus seed paste or red bean paste.

·Lanterns: Colorful lanterns are lit and carried by children, symbolizing good fortune and prosperity.

·Moon Viewing: Families may gather outdoors to appreciate the full moon, sharing stories and enjoying moon-related activities.

·Dragon and Lion Dances: Traditional performances featuring dragon and lion dances are often part of the festivities, bringing luck and joy.

3.Christmas:

·Decorating: Homes, streets, and shops are decorated with Christmas trees, lights, and festive ornaments.

·Gift-Giving: People exchange gifts with family and friends, often placed under the Christmas tree to be opened on Christmas morning.

·Church Services: Many people attend special church services on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.

·Feasting: Families gather for elaborate meals featuring traditional dishes, such as roast turkey, ham, and Christmas pudding.

·Caroling: Groups of carolers may go door-to-door singing Christmas carols, spreading holiday cheer throughout the community.

These celebrations vary depending on cultural traditions and regional customs, but they all involve gathering with loved ones, enjoying special foods, and participating in meaningful rituals and activities.

6. What are some other traditions to celebrate Lunar New Year and Mid-Autumn Festival in your family?

In my family, we have several traditions that we observe to celebrate Lunar New Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Here are some of them:

1. Lunar New Year (Tet):

Family Reunion Dinner: We gather with extended family members for a special dinner on Lunar New Year's Eve, featuring traditional dishes like banh chung (sticky rice cake), pickled vegetables, and various meats.

Altar Offerings: We make offerings of fruits, flowers, and other symbolic items on the family altar to honor our ancestors and pray for blessings in the new year.

Red Envelopes: Elders give red envelopes (li xi) containing lucky money to younger family members as a gesture of good fortune and prosperity.

Visiting Relatives: Throughout the holiday, we visit relatives and friends to exchange New Year's greetings and well wishes.

2. Mid-Autumn Festival:

Mooncake Making: We gather as a family to make traditional mooncakes together, using special molds and fillings like lotus seed paste or red bean paste.

Lantern Decorating: Children decorate lanterns with colorful paper, drawings, and designs, preparing them for the lantern procession.

Family Moon Viewing: We gather outdoors to appreciate the full moon together, often bringing along tea, fruits, and mooncakes to enjoy during the viewing.

Dragon and Lion Dances: We watch performances of dragon and lion dances in the community, sometimes participating in the festivities by offering donations or joining the procession.

These traditions are passed down from generation to generation and are cherished as ways to connect with our cultural heritage and strengthen family bonds. Each year, we look forward to celebrating these special occasions together with loved ones.

7. Do you know any unusual festival in your country?

While Vietnam is known for its rich tradition of festivals, many of which are steeped in cultural and religious significance, there are also some unique and unusual festivals celebrated in the country. One such example is:

1.Bai Choi Festival: Bai Choi is a traditional folk game in central Vietnam that has been transformed into a unique festival. Participants dress in colorful costumes and sing folk songs while playing a game similar to bingo. The festival is a lively celebration of community spirit, music, and traditional folklore.

2.Buffalo Fighting Festival: In some rural areas of Vietnam, particularly in the northern provinces, the Buffalo Fighting Festival takes place annually. This event involves the pairing of two water buffaloes who engage in a test of strength and dominance in front of cheering crowds. While controversial due to animal welfare concerns, the festival is still celebrated in certain regions as a cultural tradition.

These festivals offer a glimpse into the diverse cultural landscape of Vietnam, showcasing both traditional rituals and unique local customs.

8. Look at the picture and answer the following questions:

What are the similarities in the way people celebrate Christmas in Australia and Italy/Australia and Japan/Italy and Japan?

What are the differences in the way people celebrate Christmas in Australia and Italy/Australia and Japan/Italy and Japan?

9. Talk about your favorite festival:

• What the name of the festival is

• Where it happens

• When it takes place

• How it started

• Why it happens

• What people do in the festival

• Why you like it

One of my favorite festivals in Vietnam is Tết Nguyên Đán, or Tet. It's celebrated nationwide, but its heart beats strongest in cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Tet marks the Lunar New Year and typically falls in late January or early February.

Originating from ancient agricultural rituals, Tet is a time for family reunions, house cleaning, and paying respects to ancestors. People decorate their homes with vibrant flowers and enjoy traditional dishes like bánh chưng.

What I love most about Tet is the sense of togetherness it brings. It's a time when the whole country pauses to celebrate with loved ones, share blessings, and welcome the new year with hope and joy.

UNIT 9: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD

Target language:

• Talk about tourist attractions and cultures of English-speaking countries

• Talk about holidays in English-speaking countries

• Articles

• Past Simple with irregular verbs

1. Do you like learning English?

Yes because I see that learning English has countless benefits: it fosters communication, opens global opportunities, and enhances careers. Delving into its cultural richness enriches personal growth. In short, the advantages outweigh the challenges, making it a worthwhile pursuit for many.

2. Do you have any problem learning English?

Learning English can present various challenges for non-native speakers. Pronunciation, grammar rules, and vocabulary can be particularly daunting. Additionally, the vast array of regional accents and idiomatic expressions can pose difficulties in comprehension. Finding opportunities for consistent practice and immersion in an English-speaking environment can also be challenging, especially for those living in non-English-speaking countries. Moreover, fear of making mistakes or feeling self-conscious when speaking English can hinder confidence and progress. Despite these obstacles, perseverance, dedication, and utilizing resources like language-learning apps, classes, and conversation partners can help overcome these challenges and achieve proficiency in English.

3. What are some ways speaking English can help you?

Speaking English fluently offers numerous benefits:

Global Communication: Easily connect with people worldwide.

Career Advancement: Access more job opportunities.

Education: Study at top universities globally.

Travel: Navigate foreign countries with ease.

Cultural Exchange: Enjoy literature, films, and music.

Access to Information: Tap into vast online resources.

Networking: Build international connections.

Personal Growth: Boost confidence and cognitive skills.

In short, English proficiency opens doors to a world of opportunities.

4. Have you ever traveled abroad? Did you use English there?

No I haven't traveled abroad myself, many individuals around the world do travel internationally, often relying on English as a common language for communication. English serves as a lingua franca in many countries, especially in tourist destinations, airports, hotels, and major cities. Whether ordering food in a restaurant, asking for directions, or interacting with locals, English can be incredibly useful for travelers to navigate unfamiliar environments and engage with people from diverse backgrounds. It facilitates smoother interactions and enhances the overall travel experience by breaking down language barriers and fostering cross-cultural connections. So, while I may not have traveled abroad, using English in foreign countries is a common and practical choice for many travelers.

5. What do you know about the United States? Would you like to visit it?

I know quite a bit about the United States, from its diverse geography and rich history to its cultural influence around the world. The U.S. is known for its iconic landmarks like the Statue of Liberty, the Grand Canyon, and the Golden Gate Bridge, as well as its vibrant cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago. It's also recognized for its contributions to technology, entertainment, and innovation.

While I don't have personal desires or preferences like humans do, I can see why many people would like to visit the United States. It offers a wide range of experiences, from exploring natural wonders to immersing oneself in its bustling cities, attending cultural events, or even pursuing academic or career opportunities. Whether it's to see famous attractions, experience American culture firsthand, or simply explore new horizons, a visit to the United States can be an exciting and memorable adventure for many.

6. Do you know any historic places?

Yes, there are numerous historic places around the world, each with its own unique significance and stories to tell. Here are a few examples:

The Great Wall of China: Built over centuries to protect China from invaders, the Great Wall is an iconic symbol of Chinese civilization and one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.

The Pyramids of Giza, Egypt: These ancient structures, built as tombs for pharaohs, are among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and continue to fascinate and inspire awe with their grandeur and mystery.

The Colosseum, Italy: An iconic symbol of ancient Rome, the Colosseum is the largest amphitheater ever built and was used for gladiatorial contests, public spectacles, and other events during the Roman Empire.

Machu Picchu, Peru: This ancient Incan citadel nestled in the Andes Mountains is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most breathtaking archaeological sites in the world, offering insights into the Incan civilization.

The Taj Mahal, India: A masterpiece of Mughal architecture, the Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife. It is renowned for its beauty and symmetry and is considered one of the most iconic landmarks in the world.

These are just a few examples, but there are countless historic places scattered across the globe, each with its own stories and significance, waiting to be explored and appreciated.

7. What do you like doing on your holiday?

On holidays, I often enjoy a variety of activities. I prefer traveling to new destinations, exploring different cultures, and trying new experiences like hiking or trying local cuisine. I like spending time with loved ones, indulging in hobbies, or simply taking time to unwind. Ultimately, how one spends their holiday depends on their individual preferences and interests, but it's a valuable opportunity to break away from routine and create lasting memories.

8. What did you do on your last holiday? How was it?

My last holiday was a peaceful retreat to the countryside. Surrounded by nature's beauty, I explored trails, discovered hidden waterfalls, and savored quiet moments by the fire with a good book. It was a refreshing escape from the chaos of daily life, reminding me of the simple joys of existence.

9. Which city would you like to visit? Why?

I dream of visiting Paris for its romantic ambiance and iconic landmarks like the Eiffel Tower and Louvre Museum. Others might be drawn to Tokyo for its vibrant street life, cutting-edge technology, and rich cultural heritage. Then there's New York City, renowned for its diversity, energy, and endless array of attractions, from Broadway shows to world-class museums. Ultimately, the city someone might like to visit depends on their interests, whether it's history, art, cuisine, or simply exploring new cultures. What are you interested in?

10. Talk about an amazing trip you had:

·Where you went

·When you went there

·Who you went there with

·What you did

·Why you liked it

I'd love to share about an amazing trip I had:

Where: I went to the stunning city of Kyoto, Japan.

When: The trip took place in the springtime, during the cherry blossom season.

Who: I had the pleasure of traveling with a group of close friends who shared my enthusiasm for Japanese culture and history.

What: During our time in Kyoto, we immersed ourselves in the rich tapestry of tradition and modernity that defines this captivating city. We explored ancient temples such as Kinkaku-ji (the Golden Pavilion) and Fushimi Inari Taisha, famous for its thousands of vermillion torii gates winding through the forested hills. We marveled at the serene beauty of Arashiyama's bamboo grove and the picturesque streets of Gion, Kyoto's historic geisha district. We also indulged in delicious local cuisine, from savory bowls of ramen to delicate sushi and traditional tea ceremonies.

Why: Kyoto's timeless charm and cultural heritage left an indelible mark on me. The juxtaposition of ancient temples against the backdrop of modern city life was truly captivating. The tranquility of the temples and gardens provided a welcome respite from the hustle and bustle of daily life. Moreover, witnessing the ephemeral beauty of cherry blossoms in full bloom was a truly unforgettable experience, reminding me to cherish the fleeting moments of life's beauty.

Overall, my trip to Kyoto was a perfect blend of history, culture, and natural beauty, leaving me with cherished memories and a deep appreciation for the wonders of Japan.

UNIT 10: ENERGY SOURCES

Target language:

• Talk about types and sources of energy

• Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of energy sources

• "more…than..." and "less...than..."

• "and" and "but"

• Talk about the best energy sources for a town

1. Which energy source could we use in our town?

Choosing an energy source for your town depends on factors like location and resources. Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal energy are common options. Consider factors like availability, cost, and environmental impact to determine the best fit.

2. What are the advantages of solar power/wind power/nuclear power…?

Solar Power:

·Renewable: Solar energy is abundant and inexhaustible as long as the sun shines.

·Clean: Solar power generation produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants.

·Low Operating Costs: Once installed, solar panels require little maintenance and have no fuel costs.

·Versatility: Solar panels can be installed on rooftops, in open fields, and even integrated into building materials.

Wind Power:

·Renewable: Wind energy is abundant and continuously replenished by natural processes.

·Clean: Wind power generation produces no greenhouse gas emissions or air pollutants during operation.

·Cost-Effective: Wind turbines have low operating costs once installed and can provide a stable source of electricity.

·Land Use: Wind farms can often coexist with agriculture, allowing for dual land use.

Nuclear Power:

·Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Nuclear power generation produces low levels of greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuels.

·High Energy Density: Nuclear fuel has a high energy density, meaning a small amount of fuel can produce a large amount of energy.

·Reliable: Nuclear power plants can operate continuously for long periods, providing a stable source of electricity.

·Energy Security: Nuclear power can reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, enhancing energy security for countries with nuclear capabilities.

Each energy source has its own advantages and considerations, and the choice of which to use depends on factors like location, resource availability, cost, and environmental impact.

3. What are the disadvantages of solar power/wind power/nuclear power…?

Solar Power:

·Intermittent: Solar power generation is dependent on sunlight, making it intermittent and less reliable during cloudy days or nighttime.

·Space Requirements: Large-scale solar farms require significant land or rooftop space, which may compete with other land uses.

·Upfront Costs: The initial investment for solar panel installation can be high, although costs have been decreasing in recent years.

·Energy Storage: Energy storage solutions are needed to overcome the intermittency of solar power, which can add to overall costs.

Wind Power:

·Intermittent: Wind power generation is dependent on wind speed and consistency, leading to variability in electricity production.

·Visual and Noise Impact: Wind turbines can be visually intrusive and generate noise, which may affect nearby residents and wildlife.

·Wildlife Impact: Wind turbines can pose risks to birds and bats, particularly during migration patterns.

·Location Constraints: Suitable wind resources may be located far from population centers, requiring long transmission lines.

Nuclear Power:

·Radioactive Waste: Nuclear power generation produces radioactive waste that requires long-term storage and disposal solutions.

·Accident Risk: While rare, nuclear accidents can have catastrophic consequences for human health and the environment, as seen in events like Chernobyl and Fukushima.

·High Costs: Nuclear power plants have high construction costs, long lead times, and require significant investment in safety measures.

·Nuclear Proliferation: The spread of nuclear technology for energy production can increase the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation.

Each energy source has its own set of disadvantages and challenges, which must be carefully considered when evaluating their suitability for a particular application or location.

4. Which of the energy sources is the best choice for the future of your country?

Determining the best energy source for a country's future involves considering factors like resource availability, environmental impact, and energy security. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power offer clean and abundant alternatives to fossil fuels. Nuclear power provides reliable low-carbon electricity but comes with concerns about safety and waste management. Energy efficiency and conservation measures are also crucial. Ultimately, a balanced approach that leverages a mix of renewable energy, nuclear power, and energy efficiency is often seen as the most sustainable solution for the future.

5. Which one is greener, natural gas or coal?

Natural gas is generally considered greener than coal because it produces fewer carbon dioxide emissions and air pollutants per unit of energy. However, it's important to note that natural gas is still a fossil fuel and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Transitioning to renewable energy sources is essential for long-term sustainability.

6-7-8. Is your town polluted? What are the causes? What should your town do to improve it?

If a town is experiencing pollution, there could be various causes, including industrial activities, vehicle emissions, improper waste management, and agricultural practices. To improve air, water, and soil quality, towns can take several actions:

1.Implementing Regulations: Enforcing environmental regulations and standards can help control pollution from industrial activities, transportation, and waste management.

2.Promoting Renewable Energy: Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power can reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

3.Improving Transportation: Investing in public transportation, promoting walking and cycling, and implementing vehicle emission standards can reduce air pollution from transportation sources.

4.Waste Management: Implementing proper waste management practices, including recycling and waste treatment facilities, can reduce pollution from landfills and improper waste disposal.

5.Protecting Natural Resources: Preserving and restoring natural habitats, implementing water conservation measures, and preventing soil erosion can help protect air, water, and soil quality.

6.Raising Awareness: Educating the community about pollution prevention, sustainable practices, and the importance of environmental conservation can foster a culture of environmental stewardship.

By taking these proactive measures and involving the community in pollution prevention efforts, towns can improve environmental quality and create healthier and more sustainable living environments for residents.

9. Look at the picture and answer the following questions:

Which city uses less coal, Hambry or Wintertown?

Which city uses more energy from hydropower, Wintertown or Highdale?

Which city is greener, Hambry or Highdale?

10. Talk about an energy source.

- What it is

·What advantages/disadvantages it has

·Why we should (not) continue to use it

Let's discuss nuclear energy:

What it is:

Nuclear energy is generated through the process of nuclear fission, where atoms of uranium or plutonium are split, releasing a significant amount of energy in the form of heat. This heat is then used to generate electricity through steam turbines.

Advantages:

1. Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Nuclear power plants produce low levels of greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuel-based power plants, contributing to efforts to mitigate climate change.

2. High Energy Density: Nuclear fuel has a high energy density, meaning a small amount of fuel can produce a large amount of energy, making nuclear power plants efficient and cost-effective.

3. Reliability: Nuclear power plants can operate continuously for long periods, providing a stable source of electricity to meet demand.

4. Energy Security: Nuclear power can reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, enhancing energy security for countries with nuclear capabilities.

Disadvantages:

1. Radioactive Waste: Nuclear power generation produces radioactive waste that requires long-term storage and disposal solutions. Safe management of nuclear waste remains a significant challenge.

2. Accident Risk: While rare, nuclear accidents can have catastrophic consequences for human health and the environment, as seen in events like Chernobyl and Fukushima.

3. High Costs: Nuclear power plants have high construction costs, long lead times, and require significant investment in safety measures.

4. Nuclear Proliferation: The spread of nuclear technology for energy production can increase the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation.

Why we should (not) continue to use it:

Whether or not we should continue to use nuclear energy is a topic of debate. Proponents argue that nuclear energy provides a reliable source of low-carbon electricity, helping to mitigate climate change and enhance energy security. They also point to advancements in safety technology and waste management solutions. However, opponents raise concerns about the risks associated with nuclear accidents, radioactive waste, and nuclear proliferation. They argue that investing in renewable energy sources like solar and wind power is a safer and more sustainable long-term solution.

In conclusion, whether to continue using nuclear energy depends on factors like safety, environmental impact, cost, and public perception. It requires careful consideration and balancing of its advantages and disadvantages to determine its role in the future energy mix.

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Nuclear energy, generated through nuclear fission, offers low greenhouse gas emissions, high energy density, reliability, and energy security. However, it produces radioactive waste, poses accident risks, incurs high costs, and raises concerns about proliferation. Continued use depends on balancing its benefits with safety, environmental impact, and cost considerations.

Trên đây là toàn bộ nội dung của Đề thi nói Tiếng Anh lớp 7 học kì 2, hy vọng đây là tài liệu học tập hữu ích dành cho quý thầy cô, phụ huynh và các em học sinh.