Câu tường thuật lớp 9
Câu tường thuật tiếng Anh lớp 9 - Reported Speech
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I. Khái niệm
Lời nói trực tiếp(direct speech) là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech)là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.
Tenses:
Direct Speech (Lời nói trực tiếp) | Reported Speech (lời nói gián tiếp) |
Present simple Hiện tại đơn | Past simple Quá khứ đơn |
Present progressive Hiện tại tiếp diễn | Past progressive Quá khứ tiếp diễn |
Past simple Quá khứ đơn | Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành |
Past progresive Quá khứ tiếp diễn | Past perfect progressive QK hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
Present perfect Hiện tại hoàn thành | Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành |
Present perfect progressive Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn | Past perfect progressive Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành | Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành |
Past perfect progressive Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn | Past perfect progressive Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
Note: Will/ shall à would/ should ; Must à had to.
* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định được thay đổi theo quy tắc sau:
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech ( Reported) |
This These this/that + N Here Now Today/Tonight Yesterday The day before yesterday Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next week/year Last week/year last Tuesday A year ago | That Those the + N There Then That day/That night The day before/the previous day Two days before The next day/ the following day In two days’ time/two days later The following week/year The previous week/year the previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before A year before/ the previous year |
*Qui tắc thay đổi đại từ, tính từ
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech ( Reported) |
I You We Me Us My Our Your | He/ she He/ she/ they They/ you Him/ her Them His/ her/ your Their His/ her/ my |
+ Nguyên tắc trên được áp dụng cho tất cả các loại câu tường thuật.
* Có 3 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản:
1. Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)
S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V |
* (says/ say to + O à tells / tell + O) and (said to + O à told + O).
Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”
à He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
2. Reported questions (Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi).
a. Yes/ No questions:
S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ weather + S + V |
E.g: ”Are you angry?” he asked à He asked if/ whether I was angry.
(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, chủ ngữ, tân ngữ...)
b. Wh - questions:
S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh– words + S + V. |
* says/ say to + O à asks/ ask + O.
said to + O à asked + O.
Eg. ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.
The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
3. Reported commands (Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)
* Khẳng định: S + told + O + to- infinitive.
Eg. “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said
Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
* Phủ định: S + told + O + not to + V(infinitive).
Eg.”Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said to us.
--> The teacher told us not to talk in class.
* Reporting verbs:
- agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse ... + to- infinitive
- advise , ask, encourage, invite, remind, tell, want, warn ... + O + to infinitive.
- admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), stop, suggest...+ V-ing.
* Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:
1. Điều kiện có thật, có thể xảy ra: Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp.
Eg. He said “If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.”
He said (that) If he had much money, he would travel around the world.
2. Điều kiện không có thật/ giả sử: Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi.
Eg: “If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”, he said.
He said If he had two wings, he would fly everywhere.
II. Bài tập vận dụng
Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.
1. “Don’t repeat this mistake!” the instructor warned the sportsman.
2. “Phone me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.
3. Tom said to the girl “When did you have this picture taken?”
4. She asked her boyfriend “Is it true that your father fought in the last war?”
5. He said “I don’t understand why she has refused to join us on the trip”
6. “I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.” (promise)
7. “Can I borrow your pencil?” (ask)
8. “You ought to take a break, Andrew.” (advised)
1. The instructor warned the sportsman not to repeat that mistake.
2. The manager told the client to phone him (hoặc her) for an answer the next (hoặc following) day.
3. Tom asked the girl when she had had that picture taken.
4. She asked her boyfriend if it was true that his father had fought in the previous war.
5. He said that he didn’t understand why she had refused to join them on the trip.
6. He promised to finish the work by the end of that week
7. He asked to borrow my pencil
8. He advised Andrew to take a break
Exercise 2: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.
1. “If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”.
He advised..................................................................................................................
2. “Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?” said Nam.
Nam offered..............................................................................................................
3. “ Yes, all right. I’ll share the food with you, Dave”.
Ann agreed...................................................................................................................
4. “ Sue, can you remember to buy some bread? ”.
Paul reminded...............................................................................................................
5. “ Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children.
The man ordered...........................................................................................................
6.” I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.
Mary..............................................................................................................................
7. “ Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me.
Tom asked...................................................................................................................
8. “ Have you finished your homework?” Mom asked.
Mom asked if.............................................................................................................
9. She said to me “ I can’t do it by myself”.
She told me that..........................................................................................................
10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?” Lan asked.
Lan wanted to know if........................................................................................................
11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him.
His father warned him.......................................................................................................
12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me.
The.....................................................................................................................................
13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students àThe librarian told the students.................................................................................................
14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me.
He......................................................................................................................................
15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary.
The boss asked..................................................................................................................
16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me.
My friend told me.............................................................................................................
17.”This story happened long ago”he said.
He said..............................................................................................................................
1. He advised not to buy this car
2. Nam offered Lan to carry her suitcase
3. Ann agreed to share food with Dave
4. Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread
5. The man ordered the children not to touch anything in this room
6. Mary said she had to go home to make the dinner
7. Tom asked me if he was going to Ho Chi Minh city the following week
8. Mom asked if I had finished my homework
9. She told me that she couldn’t do it herself
10. Lan wanted to know if Nam’s brother lived in London
11. His father warned him not to repeat that mistake again.
12. The photographer asked me to give him a smile
13. The librarian told the students not to leave those book on the table
14. He asked me if I had travelled abroad much
15. The boss asked the secretary who had written that note
16. My friend told me she had just recieved a postcard from her sister
17. He said that story had happend long before
Exercise 3
1 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports¬man.
.............................................................................................................................................
2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me.
............................................................................................................................................
3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.
...........................................................................................................................................
4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid.
...........................................................................................................................................
5 "Give a smile," the photographer said to me.
........................................................................................................................................
6 "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend.
............................................................................................................................................
7 "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the student.
..........................................................................................................................................
8 "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child.
.............................................................................................................................................
9 "Leave your things here," my companion advised me.
.............................................................................................................................................
10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants.
..........................................................................................................................................
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