Câu tường thuật lớp 9

Câu tường thuật tiếng Anh lớp 9 - Reported Speech

Câu tường thuật lớp 9 là phần ngữ pháp quan trọng, thường xuất hiện trong bài kiểm tra và đề thi vào lớp 10 môn Tiếng Anh. Nội dung dưới đây tổng hợp đầy đủ công thức câu tường thuật Tiếng Anh 9 , quy tắc lùi thì, cách đổi đại từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian – nơi chốn và các dạng câu thường gặp. Bên cạnh phần lý thuyết dễ hiểu, học sinh còn được luyện tập với ví dụ và bài tập có đáp án để ghi nhớ kiến thức hiệu quả hơn.

I. Khái niệm

Lời nói trực tiếp(direct speech) là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.

Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech)là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.

Tenses:

Direct Speech (Lời nói trực tiếp)	Reported Speech (lời nói gián tiếp)
Present simple Hiện tại đơn	Past simple Quá khứ đơn
Present progressive Hiện tại tiếp diễn	Past progressive Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Past simple Quá khứ đơn	Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past progresive Quá khứ tiếp diễn	Past perfect progressive QK hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Present perfect Hiện tại hoàn thành	Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Present perfect progressive Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn	Past perfect progressive Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành	Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past perfect progressive Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn	Past perfect progressive Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Note: Will/ shall à would/ should ; Must à had to.

* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định được thay đổi theo quy tắc sau:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech ( Reported)
This These this/that + N Here Now Today/Tonight Yesterday The day before yesterday Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next week/year Last week/year last Tuesday A year ago	That Those the + N There Then That day/That night The day before/the previous day Two days before The next day/ the following day In two days’ time/two days later The following week/year The previous week/year the previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before A year before/ the previous year

*Qui tắc thay đổi đại từ, tính từ

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech ( Reported)
I You We Me Us My Our Your	He/ she He/ she/ they They/ you Him/ her Them His/ her/ your Their His/ her/ my

+ Nguyên tắc trên được áp dụng cho tất cả các loại câu tường thuật.

* Có 3 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản:

1. Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)

S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V

* (says/ say to + O à tells / tell + O) and (said to + O à told + O).

Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”

à He told me he hadn’t finished his work.

2. Reported questions (Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi).

a. Yes/ No questions:

S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ weather + S + V

E.g: ”Are you angry?” he asked à He asked if/ whether I was angry.

(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, chủ ngữ, tân ngữ...)

b. Wh - questions:

S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh– words + S + V.

* says/ say to + O à asks/ ask + O.

said to + O à asked + O.

Eg. ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.

The teacher asked us what we were talking about.

3. Reported commands (Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)

* Khẳng định: S + told + O + to- infinitive.

Eg. “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said

Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

* Phủ định: S + told + O + not to + V(infinitive).

Eg.”Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said to us.

--> The teacher told us not to talk in class.

* Reporting verbs:

- agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse ... + to- infinitive

- advise , ask, encourage, invite, remind, tell, want, warn ... + O + to infinitive.

- admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), stop, suggest...+ V-ing.

* Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:

1. Điều kiện có thật, có thể xảy ra: Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp.

Eg. He said “If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.”

He said (that) If he had much money, he would travel around the world.

2. Điều kiện không có thật/ giả sử: Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi.

Eg: “If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”, he said.

He said If he had two wings, he would fly everywhere.

II. Bài tập vận dụng 

Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1. “Don’t repeat this mistake!” the instructor warned the sportsman.

2. “Phone me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.

3. Tom said to the girl “When did you have this picture taken?”

4. She asked her boyfriend “Is it true that your father fought in the last war?”

5. He said “I don’t understand why she has refused to join us on the trip”

6. “I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.” (promise)

7. “Can I borrow your pencil?” (ask)

8. “You ought to take a break, Andrew.” (advised)

Exercise 2: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1. “If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”.

He advised..................................................................................................................

2. “Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?” said Nam.

Nam offered..............................................................................................................

3. “ Yes, all right. I’ll share the food with you, Dave”.

Ann agreed...................................................................................................................

4. “ Sue, can you remember to buy some bread? ”.

Paul reminded...............................................................................................................

5. “ Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children.

The man ordered...........................................................................................................

6.” I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.

Mary..............................................................................................................................

7. “ Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me.

Tom asked...................................................................................................................

8. “ Have you finished your homework?” Mom asked.

Mom asked if.............................................................................................................

9. She said to me “ I can’t do it by myself”.

She told me that..........................................................................................................

10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?” Lan asked.

Lan wanted to know if........................................................................................................

11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him.

His father warned him.......................................................................................................

12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me.

The.....................................................................................................................................

13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students àThe librarian told the students.................................................................................................

14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me.

He......................................................................................................................................

15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary.

The boss asked..................................................................................................................

16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me.

My friend told me.............................................................................................................

17.”This story happened long ago”he said.

He said..............................................................................................................................

Exercise 3

1 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports man.

.............................................................................................................................................
2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me.

............................................................................................................................................
3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.

...........................................................................................................................................
4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid.

...........................................................................................................................................
5 "Give a smile," the photographer said to me.

........................................................................................................................................
6 "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend.

............................................................................................................................................
7 "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the student.

..........................................................................................................................................
8 "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child.

.............................................................................................................................................
9 "Leave your things here," my companion advised me.

.............................................................................................................................................
10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants.

..........................................................................................................................................

Exercise 4

1 "Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn't change for the better?" we asked the guide.

...........................................................................................................................................
2 The porter said to me, "I'll wake you up, when the train arrives in Leeds."

.............................................................................................................................................
3 My wife said to me: "While you are away, I'll do the packing."

..........................................................................................................................................
4 "Don't leave until I phone you," he asked me.

...........................................................................................................................................
5 "After he leaves hospital, they'll take him to the South," the doctor said.

..........................................................................................................................................
6 "They'll wait for the fisherman to return until it gets dark", the local man explained to me.

..........................................................................................................................................
7 As soon as I hear from him, I'll let you know," my neighbour said to me.

............................................................................................................................................
8 I’ll live in town till my husband returns from the expedition and when he returns, we'll go to the seaside together," she said.

..........................................................................................................................................
9 The mother said to her son, ."Sit still, please."

.............................................................................................................................................
10 John said to his friend, "Come and spend a week with us."

..........................................................................................................................................

Exercise 5

1 "Have you travelled abroad much?" he asked me.

.....................................................................................................................................
2 "Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary.

.......................................................................................................................................
3 "I've just received a postcard from my sister," my friend said to me.

...........................................................................................................................................
4 "The students also took part in arranging the conference," the chair¬man said.

............................................................................................................................................
5 "Have you been here long?" the stranger asked me.

.............................................................................................................................................
6 "Did you really see this happen with your own eyes?" the policeman asked the boy.

...........................................................................................................................................
7 "I hope they will have taken a decision by the end of the meeting," she remarked.

..........................................................................................................................................
8 "Did you watch the detective film on TV yesterday?" he asked her.

.............................................................................................................................................
9 "This story happened long ago," he said, "and few people remember anything about it."

........................................................................................................................................
10 "I haven't read so interesting a book since I don't remember when," she said.

.........................................................................................................................................

Exercise 6

1. “Shall I help you with the exercises?” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “Shall we give him a birthday cake?” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. “Could I leave early on Friday?” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. “Where shall we meet tonight?” she said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “Will you have a drink?” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. “How far is it from here to college?” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. “Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m?” he said

…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. “Don’t swim too far, boys” she said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. “Do come in and have a drink” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

10. “Remember to wake me up” she said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
11. “If I were you, I would learn English”, she said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
12. “Why don’t we go camping this Sunday?” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
13. “Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?” she said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
14. “Let’s have a talk on the new film”, he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
15. “ Shall I do the cleaning up for you?” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
16. “What a clever boy!” she said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
17. “How ugly!” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
18. “Did you prepare your meal?” he said. “No” I said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
19. “Happy birthday”, he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
20. “Take your seat”, he said. “thank”, I said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Rewrite each sentences, using Reported Speech :

1-“It’s a quiet flat, and the neighbors are nice.”

Mrs Celine Deon said.........

2-“The rent includes gas and electricity.”

She told me that.................

3-“I need £ 100 deposit.”

Then she said.....................

4-“I decorated the living room recently.”

She told me that.................

5-“Other people have been to see the flat.”

She said..........................

6-“You’ll have to make up your mind soon.”

She told me.........................

7-“The previous occupants looked after it very well.”

She said that.......................

8-“I’ve replaced all the carpets.”

She told me that................

9-“You can move in immediately.”

She told me ....................

10-“I’ll give you a ring soon.”

I told Mrs Celine Deon that..................

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Câu hỏi thường gặp

Công thức câu tường thuật dạng câu kể là gì?

Công thức câu tường thuật dạng câu kể là: S + said + (that) + mệnh đề hoặc S + told + O + (that) + mệnh đề. Sau “told” bắt buộc phải có tân ngữ, trong khi “said” không đi trực tiếp với tân ngữ.

Khi nào phải lùi thì trong câu tường thuật?

Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, động từ trong câu được thuật lại thường phải lùi về một thì. Ví dụ, hiện tại đơn chuyển thành quá khứ đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn chuyển thành quá khứ tiếp diễn và “will” thường chuyển thành “would”.

Cách chuyển câu hỏi sang câu tường thuật như thế nào?

Với câu hỏi Yes/No, sử dụng “asked + if/whether + S + V”. Với câu hỏi có từ để hỏi, giữ lại từ để hỏi và chuyển về trật tự câu kể: “asked + từ để hỏi + S + V”. Câu hỏi tường thuật không sử dụng đảo ngữ và không dùng trợ động từ “do/does/did”.

Trên đây là toàn bộ kiến thức trọng tâm về câu tường thuật lớp 9, bao gồm công thức, quy tắc chuyển đổi và các dạng câu thường gặp. Khi làm bài, học sinh cần xác định đúng dạng câu, động từ tường thuật, thì của động từ, đại từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian – nơi chốn. Hãy kết hợp học lý thuyết với làm bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 9 có đáp án để nắm chắc kiến thức và hạn chế những lỗi sai thường gặp.