Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT 2026 môn tiếng Anh sở GD&ĐT Lào Cai lần 1

Đề thi thử TNTHPT Quốc gia môn tiếng Anh 2026 - Lào Cai - Lần 1 có đáp án

Đề thi thử THPT môn tiếng Anh năm 2026 sở Giáo dục & Đào tạo Lào Cai - Lần 1 có đáp án được biên tập bám sát cấu trúc đề thi mới giúp các em học sinh luyện thi môn tiếng Anh tốt nghiệp THPT hiệu quả.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 10.

Technology, Deterrence and the Battle Against Waste Crime

Illegal waste dumping is frequently dismissed as a local inconvenience; however, in practice it constitutes a highly organised and financially lucrative form of environmental crime. In England alone, such activity is estimated to cost the economy approximately £1 billion annually, while simultaneously imposing long-term ecological and social damage. Against this backdrop, the government has announced the establishment of a 33-member drone unit intended to enhance the detection and investigation of unlicensed waste sites. Far from being a symbolic gesture, this initiative represents a strategic shift towards a more assertive and technology-driven enforcement model. [I]

The announcement coincided with the conviction of Varun Datta at Birmingham Crown Court. Datta orchestrated the illegal disposal of more than 4,000 tonnes of municipal waste across 16 sites, including protected land and a historic manor property. By falsely declaring that the waste would be transported to a licensed facility near Sheffield, he redirected it to unauthorised locations nationwide. [II] The court ordered him to repay over £1 million, reflecting the financial benefits derived from his activities, in addition to compensation and prosecution costs. [III] Although his custodial sentence was suspended, the substantial financial penalty was intended to undermine the economic incentives that often make waste crime attractive to organised groups.

Central to the revised strategy is the expanded role of the Environment Agency, which now integrates advanced surveillance technologies into its investigative framework. Several drones will be equipped with lidar systems capable of generating highly detailed topographical maps, enabling authorities to identify concealed or rapidly changing dumping sites. Officials argue that such innovation is necessary because organised offenders have become increasingly adept at exploiting regulatory gaps and avoiding conventional inspections. In this sense, technological monitoring is presented not as an optional enhancement but as a proportionate response to evolving criminal methods. [IV]

Nevertheless, questions remain regarding whether surveillance and financial penalties alone can deliver sustained deterrence. Critics contend that suspended prison sentences may dilute the perceived severity of the offence, potentially weakening the overall message of zero tolerance. Moreover, effective enforcement is resource-intensive and depends upon coordination between national regulators, local authorities and private landowners. Without consistent collaboration and long-term funding, even sophisticated technology may struggle to reverse entrenched patterns of illegal disposal.

Ultimately, while drones and harsher penalties are unlikely to eradicate waste crime entirely, they signal an effort to recalibrate the balance of risk and reward that has historically favoured offenders. By combining technological precision with legal accountability, policymakers appear determined to demonstrate that environmental crime will no longer remain a low-risk, high-profit enterprise.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/am)

Question 1. According to paragraph 1, the establishment of the drone unit is best understood as an attempt to ______.

A. offset the economic losses caused by environmental offences

B. increase the number of personnel responsible for environmental compliance

C. address illegal dumping through a more proactive and technology-oriented enforcement approach

D. replace conventional inspection methods with fully automated monitoring systems

Question 2. The word “assertive” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. temporary and flexible

B. experimental and innovative

C. hesitant and cautious

D. forceful and determined

Question 3. Why are lidar-equipped drones presented as a necessary component of the revised enforcement strategy?

A. They symbolise a broader governmental commitment to technological modernisation in environmental governance.

B. They reduce the overall administrative burden associated with prosecuting environmental offences nationwide.

C. They improve the accuracy of detecting concealed dumping sites that traditional inspection procedures may overlook.

D. They prevent offenders from exploiting sentencing inconsistencies within the judicial system.

Question 4. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. Waste crime has expanded primarily because enforcement agencies underestimated its economic impact.

B. Traditional inspection systems remain adequate despite the emergence of new technological tools.

C. Regulatory authorities are restructuring investigative practices to address increasingly adaptive criminal strategies.

D. Organised offenders have shifted towards less profitable but more discreet disposal methods.

Question 5. According to the passage, the financial penalty imposed on Datta was intended to ______.

A. remove the financial motivation behind organised waste crime

B. compensate local authorities for technological investment

C. replace imprisonment as the primary form of punishment

D. highlight the symbolic importance of environmental protection

Question 6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following factors is identified as essential for achieving sustained effectiveness in combating illegal waste crime?

A. Sustained inter-agency cooperation supported by consistent financial and institutional resources.

B. Comprehensive public awareness initiatives designed to discourage community-level participation.

C. Exclusive reliance on advanced aerial surveillance technologies across affected regions.

D. The immediate introduction of mandatory prison sentences for all environmental offences.

Question 7. Where in the passage would the following sentence best fit?

“This case therefore served as a practical illustration of the economic logic underpinning organised waste crime.”

A. [III]

B. [IV]

C. [II]

D. [I]

Question 8. The word “they” in paragraph 5 refers to ______.

A. organised criminal groups

B. drones and harsher penalties

C. policymakers and regulators

D. patterns of illegal disposal

Question 9. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Regulatory agencies previously lacked both legal authority and technological capacity to address illegal dumping effectively.

B. The expansion of drone surveillance reflects widespread public dissatisfaction with current environmental policies.

C. Most individuals involved in illegal disposal activities are unaware of the long-term ecological consequences.

D. Organised waste crime has persisted partly because the anticipated financial returns have historically exceeded the perceived risks of enforcement.

Question 10. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Illegal dumping primarily results from limited public awareness rather than coordinated criminal activity.

B. Financial sanctions represent the single most effective mechanism for addressing environmental offences nationwide.

C. The government is adopting a multifaceted strategy combining technology with financial and legal deterrents to rebalance criminal incentives.

D. Drone surveillance will gradually replace conventional inspections and permanently eliminate organised waste crime.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 11 to 15.

An ethnography is a valuable research design for studying groups in education, focusing on their behaviors, beliefs, language, and the ways they develop shared patterns of interaction over time. Ethnographic research is a qualitative approach used to describe, analyze, and interpret the patterns of a culture-sharing group. (11) _______, including language, rituals, social structures, life stages, interactions, and communication.

Ethnographers conduct research by entering the “field,” (12) _______. They aim to produce a detailed cultural portrait of a group within its natural setting. Typically, ethnographic studies focus on a group of individuals at a single site, examining shared patterns of behavior, belief, and language that have evolved over time. Fieldwork often involves observing and interviewing participants in the contexts where they live and work. Data analysis begins with describing and analyzing the culture-sharing group and interpreting its patterns within the broader context of culture in action. (13) _______. The roots of ethnographic research lie in anthropology, sociology, education, and postmodern concerns about interpretation and representation.

Historically, three main types of ethnographic designs have emerged: realist, case study, and critical ethnographies. A realist ethnography presents an objective account of a culture-sharing group. (14) _______. Case studies focus on a specific program, event, or activity and offer an in-depth description and analysis based on extensive data collection. Critical ethnography emphasizes advocacy, giving voice to marginalized groups and addressing issues of power and authority. Together, these three ethnographic designs illustrate the methodological diversity of ethnographic research, (15) _______.

(Adapted from Educational Research)

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