Chuyên đề Reported speech - Câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh

English Grammar: Reported Speech

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I. Lời nói trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp

1. Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.

- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu hai chấm (:).

- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp.

Ex: “I don’t like this party” Bill said.

2. Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech)là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dung đúng những từ của người nói.

Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party.

II. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại

Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “The Sun rises in the East”

My teacher of Geography says (that) the Sun rises in the East.

S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’

III. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ

Ex: Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.”

Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.

* Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp (Statements in reported speech)

Statement	Reported speech
S + V + O	said/ to Sb (O) + That + S2V2 S1 + told (O) + That + S2V2 talked + about st * Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…

EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”

- They said they would return to Paris the month after.

Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

Rule (QTắc)	Direct speech (Trực tiếp)	Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
1. Verbs (Động từ)	Present simple (V/ Vs/es)	Past simple (Ved)
	Present progressive (is/ am/ are+Ving)	Past progressive (was/ were+Ving)
	Present perfect (have/ has+VpII)	Past perfect (had+VPII)
	Past simple (Ved)	Past perfect (had +VpII)
	Past progressive (was/ were +Ving)	Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving)
	Past perfect	Past perfect
	Future simple (will +V)	Future in the past (would +V)
	Near future (is/ am/ are +going to+V)	Was/ were +going to +V
2. Modal verbs	Will Can May Must	Would Could Might Must/Had to
3. Adverb of place	This	That
	These	Those
	Here	There
4. Adverb of time	Now	Then
	Today	That day
	Yesterday	The day before/ the previous day
	The day before yesterday	Two days before
	Tomorrow	The day after/ the next (following)day
	The day after tomorrow	Two days after/ in two days’ time
	Ago	Before
	This week	That week
	Last week	The week before/ the previous week
	Last night	The night before
	Next week	The week after/ the following week
5. Subject /Object	I/ me	She, he/ Her, him
	We/ our	They/ us
	You/ you	I, we/ me, us

* Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech)

Order	Reported speech
V + O	Asked/ told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive S1 + Offered/ recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive * Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded…

* Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)

Questions	Reported speech
1. Yes/No questions Auxiliary + S + V + O? (Do/ does/ did/ had/ will)	S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/ whether + S2V2
2. Wh – questions WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O?	S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2 * Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know…

* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi

1. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại

EX: 1. My father said “New York is bigger than London”

- My father said that New York is bigger than London

2. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”

- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.

3. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”

- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.

2. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.

EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her”

- My friend said that I had better contact with her.

3. Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II.

He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait”

- He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait.

4. Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian các định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.

1. She said, “My mother arrived on Monday.”

- She said that her mother arrived on Monday.

2. He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis.”

- He said when he saw them they were playing tennis.

Bài tập

I. Turn these sentences into Reported speech.

1. She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”

___________________________________________________________

2. They said, “We are learning English now”

___________________________________________________________

3. “ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.

___________________________________________________________

4. “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend”, she said

___________________________________________________________

5. “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said

___________________________________________________________

6. “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said

___________________________________________________________

7. “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.

___________________________________________________________

8. “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students

___________________________________________________________

9. “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said.

___________________________________________________________

10. “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said

___________________________________________________________

11. “ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl.

___________________________________________________________

12. He said to her, “You are my friend.”

___________________________________________________________

13. Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”

___________________________________________________________

14. “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren.

___________________________________________________________

15. Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.

___________________________________________________________

16. John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.

___________________________________________________________

17. Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”.

___________________________________________________________

18. “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend.

___________________________________________________________

19. He said, “I don’t know what happened.”

________________________________________________

20. She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”

________________________________________________

21. He said, “I have a toothache.”

________________________________________________

22. She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”

________________________________________________

23. They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”

________________________________________________

24. He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”

________________________________________________

25. She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”

________________________________________________

26. He said, “I have received the envelope.”

________________________________________________

27. They said, “We visited Cannery Row.”

________________________________________________

28. She said, “I feel very sick.”

________________________________________________

29. He said, “I bought some popcorn.”

________________________________________________

30. They said, “We’re flying to California.”

________________________________________________

31. He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.”

________________________________________________

32. Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.”

________________________________________________

33. “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said.

________________________________________________

34. “Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said.

________________________________________________

35. She said, “I often listen to music at night.”

________________________________________________

36. Lan’s mother said, “ My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.”

________________________________________________

37. They said, “We have to do the assignments now.”

________________________________________________

38. Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.”

________________________________________________

39. They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.”

________________________________________________

40. Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”

________________________________________________

II. Change the sentences below into direct speech.

1. My mother told me that she was sad then.

___________________________________________________________

2. One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher.

___________________________________________________________

3. The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day.

___________________________________________________________

4. The film director said that she was willing to work then.

___________________________________________________________

5. The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month.

___________________________________________________________

6. Tom invited me to his birthday party.

______________________________________________

7. She said the doctor had written her a prescription.

________________________________________________

8. He said that he had a toothache.

________________________________________________

9. She said she went to the museum every day.

________________________________________________

10. They said they were going to the supermarket.

________________________________________________

11. She said that the doctor had given her some pills.

________________________________________________.

Còn tiếp ..

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