Tiếng Anh 12 Friends Global Unit 4 4I Culture

Tiếng Anh 12 Unit 4 4I Culture trang 58 - Friends Global

Nằm trong bộ tài liệu Giải tiếng Anh 12 Friends Global theo từng Unit, Soạn tiếng Anh 12 Unit 4 Holiday and Tourism 4I Culture giúp các em chuẩn bị bài tập SGK tiếng Anh 12 Chân trời sáng tạo hiệu quả.

1. SPEAKING Look at the two photos. What do you know about the Aborigine and Maori cultures? Nhìn vào hai bức ảnh. Bạn biết gì về văn hóa Aborigine và Maori?

Đáp án

The Aborigines are the indigenous people of Australia. They have lived there for over 60,000 years and have a deep spiritual connection with the land, which they call the “Dreamtime.” Their culture includes traditional music, dance, art (like dot painting), and storytelling. Sadly, many Aboriginal communities have faced discrimination and loss of land due to colonization, but efforts are being made today to preserve and celebrate their culture.

The Maori are the indigenous people of New Zealand. They arrived from Polynesia over 1,000 years ago. The Maori have a rich tradition of tattoos (called moko), the haka war dance, wood carving, and legends about their ancestors. The Maori language (te reo Māori) is an official language of New Zealand, and Maori culture plays an important role in the country’s national identity today.

Both cultures are unique, ancient, and important to the history and identity of their countries.

2. Read the text. What two customs do the texts mention? Đọc văn bản. Hai phong tục nào được văn bản đề cập đến?

Anybody who is hoping to have new experiences when they visit Australia or New Zealand should meet the original inhabitants of 1 _____ two countries, the Aborigines and the Maoris. However, 2 _____ both cultures have experienced similar problems caused by the arrival of Europeans to their lands, the Aborigines and the Maoris are very different.

The Aborigines

The Aborigines have one of the oldest surviving cultures in the world. It is more 3 _____ 60,000 years old, and during this period of time, they have formed hundreds of tribes that have developed different customs and around seven hundred different languages. In 1971, a flag 4 _____ designed to represent all the Aborigine tribes and help unite them.

The Aborigines hold a lot of ceremonies to celebrate different events, but one of the most important to nearly 5 _____ of the tribes is the 'walkabout'. It might seem like an adventure to people from other cultures, but the walkabout involves boys aged thirteen sleeping rough for as long as six months in the Australian desert. They spend the whole time alone and 6 _____ to hunt for food to survive. Once the walkabout period has finished, they are welcomed back by their village, which celebrates the arrival of a new man in the community.

The Maoris

The Maoris arrived in New Zealand from East Polynesia in the second half of the 12th century. The Maoris all speak the 7 _____ language and share the same customs, and this has helped them to have a strong presence in modern New Zealand. Maori is one of the country's two official languages. Maoris believe that all natural things and living things are connected, and modern Maoris are very concerned 8 _____ the protection of the environment.

One important aspect of Maori culture is Ta moko- tattooing. Both men and women can have tattoos 9 _____ their bodies or their faces. The tattoos represent the family or tribe that they belong 10 _____. The designs are very intricate and are now inspiring a lot of the designs of tattoo artists around the world.

Đáp án

From the provided text, the two customs mentioned are:

- For the Aborigines: The custom of "walkabout," which involves boys aged thirteen sleeping rough in the Australian desert for as long as six months, hunting for food to survive, and returning to their village as a rite of passage.

- For the Maoris: The custom of "Ta moko," which is tattooing, representing the family or tribe that individuals belong to, with intricate designs on their bodies or faces.

3. USE OF ENGLISH Complete the text. Write one word in each gap. Hoàn thành văn bản. Viết một từ vào mỗi chỗ trống.

Đáp án

1 these 2 although / though 3 than 4 was

5 all 6 have 7 same 8 about 9 on 10 to

4. Read the text again. Write A for Aborigines or M for Maoris. Đọc lại văn bản. Viết A thay cho Aborigines hoặc M thay cho Maoris.

Which people...

1. involve both females and males in a ritual?

2. are interested in ecology?

3. tried to symbolically unite their different groups?

4. might have problems understanding each other?

5. visually display their association with certain people?

6. expect teenagers to be able to look after themselves?

Đáp án

1. M

2. M

3. A

4. A

5. A

6. A

5. Answer the questions in your own words. Trả lời các câu hỏi bằng lời của riêng bạn.

1. Why do you think the creation of a flag was useful for the Aborigines?

2. Why is walkabout' so important?

3. Why are Maoris so interested in looking after the environment?

4. How would you be able to know what tribe a Maori adult belongs to?

Đáp án

1. It represents all the Aboriginal tribes and might help to unite them.

2. It marks a change in status from adolescence to adulthood for males and it teaches them to survive in the desert.

3. Because they believe all natural things and living things are connected.

4. You would know by looking at their tattoos.

6. Listen to a radio interview. What is Nikau's attitude to his own culture? Is he proud, indifferent, concerned, or ignorant? How do you know? Nghe một cuộc phỏng vấn trên đài phát thanh. Thái độ của Nikau đối với nền văn hóa của chính mình là gì? Anh ta kiêu hãnh, thờ ơ, quan tâm hay thiếu hiểu biết? Làm sao bạn biết?

Đáp án

He is proud of his culture. He knows a lot about it and speaks about it proudly.

7. Listen again and answer the questions. Nghe lại lần nữa và trả lời câu hỏi.

1. What does kia ora mean?

2. What does whenua refer to?

3. What type of holiday do a lot of tourists go on in New Zealand?

4. Which sport are Maoris good at?

5. What is a haka?

Đáp án

1. It means hello in Maori.

2. It refers to the Maoris’ connection with the land.

3. They often go on adventure holidays.

4. They are good at rugby.

5 .A haka is a traditional Maori war dance.

8. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss what you think about the customs of 'walkabout' and 'Ta moko'. Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận suy nghĩ của bạn về phong tục 'walkabout' và 'Ta moko'.

Đáp án

Student A: I think the custom of walkabout is really interesting. It’s about young Aboriginal men going on a journey through the land to find themselves and connect with their ancestors. It’s spiritual, not just physical.

Student B: Yes, I agree. It shows how important the land is in Aboriginal culture. I think it also helps young people learn to be independent and respect nature.

Student A: Definitely. What do you think about ta moko, the Maori custom of tattooing?

Student B: I think it’s a beautiful and powerful tradition. Each tattoo tells a story about the person’s family, status, or achievements. It’s not just decoration—it has deep meaning.

Student A: That's true. I like how it’s a way of expressing identity and culture. Some people might not understand it, but I think it’s a strong part of Maori heritage.

Student B: Exactly. I respect both customs because they connect people to their history and help keep traditions alive.

9. PROJECT Work in groups. Find out facts about the main ethnic groups in northern Viet Nam, Tay and Nung. Then present them to the whole class. Làm việc nhóm. Tìm hiểu sự thật về các dân tộc chính ở miền Bắc Việt Nam, Tày và Nùng. Sau đó trình bày trước cả lớp.

Đáp án

1. The Tày People

• The Tày are the second largest ethnic group in Vietnam, after the Kinh majority.
• They mainly live in mountainous northern provinces such as Lạng Sơn, Cao Bằng, and Thái Nguyên.
• The Tày speak the Tày language, which belongs to the Tai–Kadai language family.
• Their traditional houses are usually stilt houses made of wood and bamboo.
• Popular festivals include the Lồng Tồng Festival (Field Work Festival), which is held to pray for good crops.
• They grow rice, corn, and keep animals like pigs and chickens.
• Their traditional clothing is simple, often indigo or dark blue, with headscarves for women.
• Folk songs called “Then” singing are an important part of their culture.

 2. The Nùng People

• The Nùng are also an important ethnic group in northern Vietnam, closely related to the Tày.
• They mostly live in Lạng Sơn, Cao Bằng, and Bắc Kạn provinces.
• The Nùng speak a language from the Tai–Kadai group, similar to the Tày.
• They practice wet rice farming, and are skilled in weaving and blacksmithing.
• Like the Tày, the Nùng also live in stilt houses.
• They celebrate Tết Nguyên Đán (Lunar New Year) and other unique festivals like the Cầu Mưa Festival (praying for rain).
• Their clothing is usually dark indigo, and women often wear silver jewelry.
• Music and dance are also important, especially during community events.

Both the Tày and Nùng have rich traditions, languages, and cultural practices. They make northern Vietnam more diverse and colorful, and their way of life is deeply connected to nature and farming.

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