Lý thuyết & bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành Tiếng Anh
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Thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong tiếng Anh
Infographic về Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếng Anh
Lý thuyết về Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếng Anh
1. Định nghĩa về thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
Đây là thì tương đối khó và đòi hỏi bạn bạn học thuộc lòng càng nhiều từ càng tốt trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc. Nói thì này khó vì khái niệm của nó xa lạ với người Việt Nam chúng ta. Thật ra ta có thể hiểu thì quá khứ hoàn thành một cách rất đơn giản như sau: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác và cả hai hành động này đều đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. Hành động nào xảy ra trước thì dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Hành động xảy ra sau thì dùng thì quá khứ đơn.
2. Công thức sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
| Câu khẳng định: | Câu phủ định | Câu nghi vấn |
| Chủ ngữ + had + past participle VD: I, You, He, She, We, They had finished before I arrived. |
Chủ ngữ + had + not (hadn’t) + past participle VD: I, You, He, She, We, They hadn’t eaten before he finished the job. |
Từ để hỏi + had + Chủ ngữ + past participle VD: What -> had he, she, you, we, they thought before I asked the question? |
3. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để chỉ:
Khi hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ, ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cho hành động xảy ra trước và quá khứ đơn cho hành động xảy ra sau.
- I met them after they had divorced each other. (Tôi gặp họ sau khi họ ly dị nhau.)
- Lan said she had been chosen as a beauty queen two years before. (Lan nói rằng trước đó hai năm, cô ta từng được chọn làm hoa hậu.)
- An idea occured to him that she herself had helped him very much in the everyday life. (Hắn chợt nghĩ ra rằng chính cô ta đã giúp hắn rất nhiều trong cuộc sống hằng ngày.)
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và đã hoàn tất trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một hành động khác cũng đã kết thúc trong quá khứ.
- We had had lunch when she arrived. (Khi cô ấy đến chúng tôi đã ăn trưa xong.)
- Khi thì quá khứ hoàn thành thường được dùng kết hợp với thì quá khứ đơn, ta thường dùng kèm với các giới từ và liên từ như: by (có nghĩa như before), before, after, when, till, untill, as soon as, no sooner…than
- No sooner had he returned from a long journey than he was ordered to pack his bags.(Anh ta mới đi xa về thì lại được lệnh cuốn gói ra đi.)
- When I arrived John had gone away.(Khi tôi đến thì John đã đi rồi.)
- Yesterday, I went out after I had finished my homework. (Hôm qua, tôi đi chơi sau khi tôi đã làm xong bài tập.)
Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác
- I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well.
- Tom had lost twenty pounds and could begin anew.
Trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả điều kiện không có thực
- If I had known that, I would have acted differently.
- She would have come to the party if she had been invited.
Hành động xảy ra trong 1 khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, trước 1 mốc thời gian khác
- I had lived abroad for twenty years when I received the transfer.
- Jane had studied in England before she did her master's at Harvard.
4. Dấu hiện nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
Từ nhận biết: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, ...
Trong câu thường có các từ: before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past …
- When I got up this morning, my father had already left.
- By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for five years.
5. Ví dụ và bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành
A. Xem ví dụ sau:
Sarah went to a party last week. Paul went to the party too but they didn’t see each other. Paul went home at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11 o’clock. So: When Sarah arrived at the party. Paul wasn’t there. He had gone home (before Sarah arrived). (Tuần rồi Sarah đã đi dự tiệc. Paul cũng đến buổi tiệc đó nhưng họ đã không gặp nhau. Paul về nhà lúc 10h30 và Sarah đến lúc 11h. Vì vậy: Khi Sarah đến dự tiệc thì Paul đã không còn ở đó. Anh ấy đã đi về nhà (trước khi Sarah tới)
Had gone là thì Past perfect (simple) - Thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
Thì past perfect được tạo thành = had + past participle (gone/ seen/ finished...) Đôi khi chúng ta đề cập một việc gì đó xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Sarah arrived at the party. Sarah đã đến dự tiệc. Đây là điểm khởi đầu của câu chuyện. Sau đó nếu chúng ta muốn nói về những sự việc xảy ra trước thời điểm này, chúng ta dùng thì past perfect (had + past participle):
When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home. Khi Sarah đến buổi tiệc, Paul đã đi về nhà.
Xem thêm một số ví dụ sau:
- When we got home last night. We found that somebody had broken into the flat. Tối qua khi chúng tôi về nhà, chúng tôi phát hiện ra có ai đó đã đột nhập vào ngôi nhà.
- Karen didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film. Karen đã không muốn đi xem film với chúng tôi vì cô ấy đã xem bộ phim (trước đó) rồi.
- At first I thought I’d done the right, but soon I realised that I’d made a serious mistake. Thoạt tiên tôi nghĩ là tôi đã làm điều đúng đắn nhưng chẳng bao lâu sau tôi nhận ra là tôi đã phạm phải một sai lầm nghiêm trọng.
- The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn’t flown before./ He had never flown before. Người đàn ông ngồì cạnh tôi trên máy bay đã rất hồi hộp. Trước đó anh ấy chưa đi máy bay./ Trước giờ anh ấy chưa bao giờ bay.
B. Had done (past perfect) là dạng quá khứ của have done (present perfect). Hãy so sánh các câu sau:
- Who is that woman? I’ve never seen her before. (Người phụ nữ kia là ai vậy? Trước giờ tôi chưa hề gặp cô ấy.)
- I didn’t know who she was. I’d never seen her before. (= before that time). ( Tôi đã không biết cô ấy là ai. Trước đó tôi chưa bao giờ gặp cô ấy.)
- We aren’t hungry. We’ve just had lunch. (Chúng tôi không đói. Chúng tôi vừa ăn trưa xong.)
- We weren’t hungry. We’d just had lunch. (Chúng tôi đã không đói (trước đó). Chúng tôi đã dùng cơm trưa rồi. )
- The house is dirty. They haven’t cleaned it for weeks. ( Ngôi nhà dơ quá. Mấy tuần rồi họ không lau chùi gì cả.)
- The house was dirty. They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks. ( Ngôi nhà lúc đó dơ quá. Mấy tuần rồi họ đã không lau chùi gì cả.)
C. Hãy so sánh thì past perfect ( I had done) với past simple (I did)
- “Was Tom at the party when you arrived?” “No, he had already gone home.” (Lúc bạn đến Tom có mặt ở buổi tiệc không?" "Không, anh ấy đã đi về nhà rồi.)
- Nhưng: “Was Tom there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he went home soon afterward.” ( Lúc bạn đến Tom còn ở đó không?" "Có, nhưng ngay sau đó anh ấy đã đi về nhà.)
- Ann wasn’t at home when I phoned. She was in London. ( Khi tôi gọi điện Ann không có nhà. Cô ấy đã ở Luân Đôn.)
- Nhưng: Ann had just got home when I phoned. She had been in London. (Ann đã về nhà khi tôi gọi điện thoại cô ấy. Cô ấy đã ở Luân đôn.)
Bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành có đáp án
I. Put the verb in brackets in the Past Simple or Past Perfect:
1. They (go) ……………..home after they (finish) ………………… their work.
2. She said that she (already, see) ……………………. Dr. Rice.
3. After taking a bath, he (go) ………………………….. to bed.
4. He told me he (not/eat) ………………………… such kind of food before.
5. When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin) ………………………………….
6. Before she (watch) ………………….. TV, she (do)……………………. homework.
7. What (be) …………….. he when he (be) ………………. young?
8. After they (go) ………………………, I (sit) ……………….. down and (rest) ……………
9. Yesterday, John (go) ………………….. to the store before he (go) ………………… home.
10. She (win) ………………………. the gold medal in 1986.
11. Our teacher (tell) …………… us yesterday that he (visit) …………… England in 1970.
12. Alan (have)……….hardly(prepare)………..for dinner when her husband (go) ……..home
13. No sooner (have)…………….I (watch)……………. TV than the phone (ring)…………
14. Before I (watch) ……………… TV, I (do) ………………………….. my homework.
15. After I (wash)………………………….my clothes, I (sleep) ……………………………
16. “ It is the first time I have eaten sushi” , said Bill.
→ Bill said it (be) ……….. the first time he (eat) ……………….. sushi.
17. “ I broke my glasses yesterday”, said Lan.
→ Lan said that she (break) ………………………………… her glasses the day before.
18. I couldn’t attend the evening classes because I worked at night.
→ If I (not work) …………….. at night, I (attend) ………………….. the evening classes.
19. I didn’t have a laptop so I wish I (have) ………………………. a laptop.
20. You didn’t stay home. I would rather you (stay) …………….. home.
II. Put the verb in brackets in the Past simple, Past perfect or Present perfect.
1. She didn’t notice that she (never see) …………………….……… that film before.
2. I suddenly (remember) that I ………………………. (forget) my keys.
3. Bill no longer has his car. He (sell) …………………….. it.
4. (Have/you/put) ………………………. Off the fire before you (go) ……………… out.
5. I was very pleased to see Mary again. I (not see) …………………….. for a long time.
6. I thanked her for everything she (do) ………………………………… for me.
7. When I got to the office, I (realize) ………….. I (forget) ………………. to lock the door
8. Who is that woman? I (never seen) …………………………..… …… her before.
9. Tom was not at home when I (arrive)………………. He (just go) ………………… out.
10. She said it (be) ……………….. the first time she (meet) ………………….. such a man.
III. Rewrite the sentences beginning as shown:
1. David went home before we arrived.
When we ……………………………………………………………………………..
After ………………………………………………………………………………….
2. We had snack then we had a look around the shops.
After……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The light failed the moment they began work.
They had no sooner …………………………………………………………………….
No sooner……………………………………………………………………………….
Hardly ………………………………………………………………………………….
4. We had never been so happy before.
We were………………………………………………………………………………...
5. I went to the zoo last year and that was where I saw a real tiger for the first time.
Before …………………………………………………………………………………..
6. I like you didn’t go to the party yesterday.
I’d rather you …………………………………………………………………………...
7. The man was poor so he could not afford accommodation.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. My teacher gave me a lot of homework.
I wish……………………………………………………………………………………
9. He didn’t obey with his parents.
I’d rather he……………………………………………………………………………..
10. She didn’t take that job in the city because his home was very far from there.
If his home …………………………………………………………………………….
IV. Give the correct of the word in bracket.
1. She ___________ (go) out when I called at her house
2. When she came into the room she saw that her husband _________________- (ALREADY DRINK) a lot of alcohol.
3. He _______________ (LEARN) English before he left for England.
4. When my husband came home I _____________ (ALREADY BE) in bed for two hours
5. My friend _____________ (NOT SEE) me for many years when I met him last week.
6. After I ____________ (HEAR) the news, I hurried to see him.
7. He thanked me for what I _______ (DO).
8. They drank small cups of tea after they _____________ (FINISH) dinner.
9. When I saw him last he ___________ (BE) married for 6 years.
10. We heard that a fire ____________ (BREAK OUT) in the neighboring house.
V. Complete the sentences using Past perfect tense
1. Look! Somebody ……….. (leave) the windows open.
2. The girl felt guilty because she ……….. (drink) all the milk.
3. Leonard didn’t have money for the bus because he ……….. (hide) it in a drawer.
4. Her bicycle wasn’t there because a friend ……….. (take) it without asking her.
5. Daniel was arrested after he ……….. (escape) from prison.
6. There was a lot of snow outside because it ……….. (snow) earlier in that day.
VI. Put the verbs in brackets: past perfect, present perfect or past perfect continuous
1. I never get up from the table other (finish) ……………………
2. Susan (climb) …………………… Mount Everest, (sail) …………………… around the world, and (go) …………………… on safari in Kenya by the time she was twenty-five. She (experience) …………………… more by that age than most people do in their entire lives.
3. Ben (try) ……………………to open his own restaurant for the last few years. He (just finish) …………………… the painting, but he (not do) …………………… the decorating yet.
4. You look tired. How long (run) ……………………?
5. When we finally stopped him, the squirrel (already eat) …………………… five cookies.
6. Before my trip to Paris two years ago, I (never be) …………………… to France.
VII. Circle the correct answer.
1. My co-worker (had not used/didn’t use) email before, so I showed him how to use it.
2. Because I (hadn’t studied/didn’t study) for the test, I was very nervous.
3. The wave (had destroyed/ destroyed) the sandcastle that we had built yesterday.
4. When shewent out to meet her friends, she (had already done/ already did) all the chores.
5. The waitress brought a drink that I (didn’t order/ hadn’t ordered) before.
6. (Had you given/ did you give) James a ring before you dropped by his apartment?
7. Susan (took/had taken) a rest after she had washed all the dishes.
8. When Jim came to the meeting, everyone (had left/left).
VIII. Fill in the correct form of the Present Perfect tense!
1. The earth _______ here for billions of years (be).
2. Cuba ________ a socialist country since 1959 (be)
3. I ______ my car for three years (have).
4. _______ an important fight? (the boxer , ever, win)
5. A big earthquake ______ San Francisco since 1906. (not hit)
IX. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple.
1. They spent their honeymoon in Paris where they ______ (meet) two years before.
2. When Alice ______ (do) the shopping, she picked her children up from school.
3. He showed us the place where he ______ (hurt) his leg.
4. I looked at the photos that he ______ (send) .
5. Yesterday I read an interesting article which my teacher ______ (recommend) to me.
6. I ______ (not / touch) a snake before that day.
7. Andy won the match although he ______ (not / play) squash before.
8. When I left the house, I ______ (not / have) breakfast yet.
9. Jim crashed into another car because he ______ (not / realise) the red traffic light.
10. I worked on Saturday, so I ______ (not / go) to the party the day before.
X. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Mind the negations.
1. The driver ___________ at the traffic lights, so the police car chased him. (not/to stop)
2. The budgie flew away because Jim ___________ the window. (not/to close)
3. When we came home, Frank ___________ the ceiling yet. (not/to paint)
4. Eric ___________ his friends, so he was alone on Saturday evening. (not/to invite)
5. I ___________ Olivia for three years before I met her in Spain. (not/to see)
6. He told me that he ___________ to his brother since yesterday. (not/to speak)
7. Lisa ___________ the book, so she didn't understand the film. (not/to read)
8. The Smiths ___________ the new camera, so they could spend the money on new furniture. (not/to buy)
9. I didn't find my keys because I ___________ under the bed. (not/to look)
10. We ___________ enough, so we lost the match. (not/to practise)
XI. Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple).
1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) ___________ .
2. He (not / be)__________ to Cape Town before 1997.
3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) ___________her homework.
4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) ___________.
5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) ________six weeks before.
6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order)____________ .
7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) _____________the week before.
8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) ___________from the tree.
9. (he / phone) ____________ Angie before he went to see her in London?
10. She (not / ride) _________ a horse before that day.
XII. Fill in Past simple, past progressive or past perfect simple.
1. When they (sleep) _________ , thieves (break) _________ in and (steal) _________ their jewelry.
2. After he (repair) _________ his bike, he (drive) _________ to his grandparents.
3. Before she (have) _________ dinner, she (work) _________ in the garden.
4. I (see) _________ him yesterday in front of the cinema.
5. When they (listen) _________ to music, they (hear) _________ a loud noise.
6. He (not visit) _________ me before he (fly) _________ to Greece.
7. He (hear) _________ a loud cry from outside and (rush) _________ out.
8. While she (study) _________ for her test, her brother (play) _________ football with his friends.
9. We (not play) _________ chess last Sunday.
10. He (go) _________ shopping after he (phone) _________ me.
11. When we (meet) _________ Jane at the party, she (wear) _________ a red dress.
12. He (not drive) _________ fast when the accident (happen) _________ .
13. The boys (break) _________ a window when they (play) _________ football in the garden.
14. Mary (not work) _________ yesterday. She (be) _________ ill.
15. After she (help) _________ me with the housework, she (go) _________ to meet her friends.
XIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Simple.
1. The train ___________ (leave) before we arrived at the station.
2. She was tired because she ___________ (work) all day.
3. They ___________ (not / see) the movie before last weekend.
4. By the time I got home, my parents ___________ (eat) dinner.
5. ___________ (you / finish) your homework before you watched TV?
6. Tom couldn't enter the house because he ___________ (lose) his key.
7. We were late because the bus ___________ (already / go).
8. Sarah ___________ (not / travel) abroad before her trip to Japan.
9. After they ___________ (clean) the room, they went out.
10. The teacher asked a question that we ___________ (learn) the answer to earlier.
XIV. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Simple.
1. By the time we reached the cinema, the film ___________ (start).
2. She ___________ (not / finish) her project before the deadline.
3. ___________ (they / arrive) at the airport before the plane took off?
4. I was hungry because I ___________ (not / have) breakfast.
5. After he ___________ (lock) the door, he left the office.
6. My sister ___________ (already / do) the washing-up before our parents came home.
7. We couldn't buy any tickets because they ___________ (sell) all of them.
8. The students ___________ (complete) the test before the teacher collected the papers.
9. Jane was nervous because she ___________ (never / speak) in front of such a large audience before.
10. By 9 o'clock last night, my father ___________ (go) to bed.
11. The children were excited because they ___________ (never / visit) an amusement park before.
12. After I ___________ (write) the email, I sent it to my teacher.
13. He ___________ (forget) to bring his passport, so he couldn't board the plane.
14. ___________ (she / ever / try) sushi before she went to Japan?
15. Before the match started, it ___________ (rain) heavily for several hours.
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