Ngữ pháp Unit 6 lớp 11 Competitions

Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp. Câu tường thuật hay còn gọi là câu gián tiếp, là cách nói mà ta dùng để tường thuật hay kể lại cho ai đó nghe những gì người khác nói hoặc đang nói. Trong bài học Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh lớp 11 Unit 6: Competitions, chúng ta cùng tìm hiểu các dạng đặc biệt của câu tường thuật cũng như cách dùng một số đại từ chỉ người cơ bản trong tiếng Anh và bài tập có đáp án.

I. Câu tường thuật với "to infinitive" to V

1. Các mệnh lệnh gián tiếp khẳng định.

Ex: "Remember to finish your exercise, Tom," the teacher said.

- The teacher reminded Tom to finish his exercise.

"Open the door, please" he asked the boy.

- He asked the boy to open the door.

"Can you give me a hand?" the old man said to us.

- She old man offered us to give him a hand.

"Go on, get up and you'll feel better", the nurse encouraged me.

- She nurse encouraged me to get up and I would feel better.

"Hurry up to catch the train, we don't have much time left." he said to us.

- He urged us to hurry up to catch the train as we didn't have much time left.

2. Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp phủ định.

Ex: They said, "Don't talk in the class."

- They told us not to talk in the class.

"Don't be late, Trang" the teacher said.

- The teacher told Trang not to be late.

3. Một số cấu trúc đặc biệt khác

a) Câu khuyên

advised ab to (not to) V

had better + V/ not + V

should/ shouldn't + V

ought to + V

Ex: "You should study harder," my mother said.

- My mother advised me to study harder

"You'd better try best to get a good job," my mother said to me.

- My mother advised me to try my best to get a good job.

b) Đề nghị, mời

Ex: He said, " Would you like to go out for a drink?"

- He invited me to go out for a drink.

"Would you like a cup of tea?", she said to the boy

- She invited the boy a cup of tea.

"Jea, please?", she said to Tom

- She offered Tom some tea

"Will/ Shall you come to my birthday party next week?", Joe said to me.

- Joe invited me to come to his birthday party the next week.

c) Yêu cầu:

ex: She said, "Can you lend me your book?"

- She asked me to lend her my book.

d) Hứa hẹn:

ex: "I will give you my book". he said

- He promissed to give her my book.

II. Câu tường thuật với gerund V-ing

1. Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:

ex: "It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much", Tom said to me

- John thanked me for helping him thank sb for doing st

"I'm sorry I'm late," Peter said

- Peter apologised for being late. apologise for doing st

2. Chúc mừng: Congratulate sb on doing st

ex: John said, "I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulation!"

- John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship

3. Cương quyết, khăng khăng:

ex: " I'll help you with your physics exercises," Peter said to Susan.

- Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercises

4. Cảnh báo ngăn cản: warn sb against doing, prevent sb from doing

ex: "Don't go out alone at night" I said to Linda

- I warn Linda against going out alone at night.

"Sit here. I can't let you stand all the time," Mary said to me

- Mary prevented me from standing all the time.

5. Chấp nhận hoặc phủ nhận:

ex: "We stole his money", they said

- They admitted stealing his money

"I didn't steal his money", she said

- She denied stealing his money.

6. Tố cáo, buộc tội accure sb of doing

ex: "You took some of my money", he said.

- He accused me of taking some of his money.

7. Mơ ước:

ex: "I want to pass the exam with flying colours," John said

- John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.

8. Đề nghị:

ex: "Let's go out for a drink", Susan said

- Susan suggested going out for a drink.

"Shall we go to the cinema tonight?"

- How about going to the cinema...?

III. Câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh

1. Loại If clause Main Clause

1 V1 (s/ es) With/ can/ May.... + V

2 V2/ ed/ were Would/ could/ should... + V

3 had + Vp2/ ed Would/ could/ should .... + have+ Vp2/ ed

2. Conditional in reported speech (Câu điều kiện trong lời nói gián tiếp)

1. Câu điều kiện loại 1 chuyển sang loại 2.

ex: He said, "If it rain heavily, I will stay at home"

- He said (that) if rained heavily, he would stay at home.

2. Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3: Không đổi động từ

ex: She said, "If I had enough money, I would but a new car

- She said (that) if he enough money, she would....

ex: The teacher said, "If John had studied harder, he wouldn't have failed his exam"

- The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he......

* Note: Khi chuyển 1 câu hỏi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, cần chú ý vị trí của chủ ngữ, động từ và không còn dấu chấm hỏi.

ex: She asked me, "what would he do if he were a king?"

- She asked me what he would do if he were a king.

IV. Đại từ One; Ones; Someone; No one; Anyone và Everyone

1. One và Ones:

One: thay thế 1 danh từ đếm được số ít (tránh lặp từ)

ex: this watch doesn't work any more, I'm going to buy a new one

Ones: số nhiều.

2. Someone, anyone, no one, everyone +Vs/ es

Someone & everyone: câu khẳng định

Anyone: câu hỏi và phủ định

Sau no one: V khẳng định

ex: Someone is following me

Everyone has gone home

Can anyone answer this question?

I can't see anyone here.

* Note: Có thể dùng everyone trong câu hỏi. Khi đó người hỏi muốn đề cập đến tất cả mọi người.

ex: It's a little noisy here. Can everyone hear?

V. Bài tập câu tường thuật có đáp án

Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1. "If I were you, I wouldn't buy this car"

- He advised..................................................................................................................

2. "Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?" said Nam.

- Nam offered..............................................................................................................

3. "Yes, all right, I'll share the food with you, Dave. "

- Ann agreed...................................................................................................................

4. "Sue, can you remember to buy some bread?"

- Paul reminded.....................................................................................................................

5. "Don't touch anything in this room", the man said to the children.

- The man ordered..................................................................................................................

6. "I must go home to make the dinner", said Mary.

- Mary....................................................................................................................................

7. "Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?" Tom asked me.

- Tom asked..............................................................................................................................

8. "Have you finished your homework?" Mom asked.

- Mom asked if........................................................................................................................

9. She said to me: "I can't do it by myself"

- She told me that....................................................................................................................

10. "Does your brother live in London, Nam?" Lan asked.

- Lan wanted to know if........................................................................................................

11. "Don't repeat this mistake again." his father warned him.

- His father warned him.......................................................................................................

12. "Give me a smile" The photographer said to me.

- The.....................................................................................................................................

13. "Don't leave these book on the table", the librarian said to the students

- The librarian told the students.................................................................................................

14. "Have you travelled abroad much?" he asked me.

- He.......................................................................................................................................

15. "Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary.

- The boss asked.....................................................................................................................

16. "I have just received a postcard from my sister," my friend said to me.

- My friend told me...............................................................................................................

17. "This story happened long ago" he said.

- He said...................................................................................................................................

KEY:

1. He advised me not to buy that car.

2. Nam offered to carry Lan's suitcase.

3. Ann agreed to share the food with Dave.

4. Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread.

5. The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room.

6. Mary said that she had to go home to make the dinner.

7. Tom asked me if/ whether I was going to Ho Chi Minh City the next week/the following week.

8. Mom asked if I had finished my homework.

9. She told me that she couldn't do it by herself.

10. Lan wanted to know if Nam's brother lived in London.

11. His father warned him not to repeat that mistake again.

12. The photographer told me to give him a smile.

13. The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table.

14. He asked me if I had travelled abroad much.

15. The boss asked the secretary who had written that note.

16. My friend told me she had just received a postcard from his sister.

17. He said that story had happened long before

Exercise 2

1 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports man.

.............................................................................................................................................

2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me.

............................................................................................................................................

3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow" the manager said to the client.

...........................................................................................................................................

4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid.

...........................................................................................................................................

5 "Give a smile," the photographer said to me.

........................................................................................................................................

6 "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend.

............................................................................................................................................

7 "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the student.

..........................................................................................................................................

8 "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child.

.............................................................................................................................................

9 "Leave your things here," my companion advised me.

.............................................................................................................................................

10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants.

.......................................................................................................................................…

11. He said: “I shall expect her”

.......................................................................................................................................…

12. He said: “I can’t find my hat”

.......................................................................................................................................…

13. She said: “I am going to the movies tomorrow”

.......................................................................................................................................…

14. Lan said to me: “You are looking much better”

.......................................................................................................................................…

15. He says: “The river is rising early this year”

.......................................................................................................................................…

16. She said to me: “I will do it if necessary I can”

.......................................................................................................................................…

17. He said to his friend: “Did you see the accident yesterday?”

.......................................................................................................................................…

18. John said to me: “How did you come here?”

.......................................................................................................................................…

19. He said: “Have you finished your task, Nam?”

.......................................................................................................................................…

20. He said: “Yesterday evening I met Nam. He has bought a new car”

.......................................................................................................................................…

KEY:

1. The instructor warned the sportsman not to repeat that mistake again.

2. The assistant told me to leave the address with the secretary.

3. The manager asked the client to phone to him for an answer the next day/the following day.

4. The father told the kid not to be so silly.

5. The photographer told me to give a smile.

6. Ann asked/ begged her friend to help her make a decision.

7. The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table, but to put them back on the shelf.

8. The nurse told the child to be a good girl and to sit quietly for five minutes.

9. My companion advised me to leave my things there.

10. The chairman asked the participants not to discuss that question at the moment.

11. He said he should/would expect her.

12. He said he couldn't find his hat.

13. She said she was going to the movies the next day/the following day.

14. Lan told me I was looking much better.

15. He says (that) the river is rising early this year.

16. She told me she would do it if necessary she could.

17. He asked his friend if/whether he had seen the accident the previous day.

18. John asked me how I had come here.

19. He asked Nam if he had finished his task.

20. He said (that) the previous evening he had met Nam. He had bought a new car.

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