Câu phức trong Tiếng Anh lớp 9
Câu phức trong Tiếng Anh
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Complex sentences
Câu phức trong Tiếng Anh lớp 9
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I/ Lý thuyết câu phức trong Tiếng Anh - Complex sentences
1. Định nghĩa
- Câu phức là câu bao gồm 1 mệnh đề độp lập (independent clause) và ít nhất 1 mệnh đề phụ thuộc (dependent clause) liên kết với nhau. Hai mệnh đề thường được nối với nhau bởi dấu phẩy hoặc các liên từ phụ thuộc (subordinating conjuntions)
- Mệnh đề đi liền với liên từ trong câu phức chính là mệnh đề phụ thuộc.
- Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nằm phía trước mệnh đề độc lập, thì giữa hai mệnh đề phải có dấu phẩy còn lại thì không.
- Eg: Even though he is busy, he always takes time to play with his daughter.
Trong đó: Mệnh đề phụ thuộc là “he is busy”, mệnh đề độc lập là “he always takes time to play with his daughter”
2. Một số liên từ phụ thuộc phổ biến
After ( Sau khi ) | Although (Mặc dù) | As ( Bởi vì/ khi) | as If (như thể là) | As long as ( Miễn là) | In order to (Để mà) |
Before ( Trước khi) | Even If (Mặc dù) | Because ( Bởi vì) | as though (Cứ như là) | as much as (Nhiều như) | so that ( Để mà) |
Once (Một khi) | Even though (Mặc dù) | Whereas (Trong khi đó) | If (Nếu) | as soon as ( Ngay khi) | Unless (Trừ khi) |
Since (Từ khi/ Bởi vì) | Though (Mặc dù) | While (Trong khi đó) | In case (Nếu) | When (Khi) | Until (Cho đến khi) |
3. Các loại mệnh đề phụ thuộc thường gặp
a. Mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản
- Là mệnh đề phụ chỉ sự tương phản của hai hành động trong câu.
- Dấu hiệu: though/ although/ even though (dù, mặc dù, cho dù)
- Eg: Although I learnt hard, I didn’t get high grades. (Mặc dù tôi đã học chăm chỉ nhưng to không đạt được điểm cao)
b. Mệnh đề chỉ lý do
- Là mệnh đề phụ chỉ lý do hoặc nguyên nhân của hành động được nêu trong mệnh đề chính
- Dấu hiệu: because, since (do, vì, bởi vì)
- Eg: She didn’t go to school since she got ill. (Cô ấy đã không đi học bởi vì cô ấy bị ốm)
c. Mệnh đề phụ chỉ thời gian
- Là mệnh đề phụ chỉ thời gian
- Dấu hiệu: when; while; after; before; as soon as; ….
- Eg: Let’s go for a pizza after we go to the natural history museum. (Hãy đi tới cửa hàng pi-za sau khi chúng ta đi tới bảo tàng lịch sử quốc gia)
d. Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích
- Là mệnh đề phụ được dùng để chỉ mục đích của hành động ở mệnh đề chính
- Dấu hiệu: so that/ in order that (để mà)
- Eg: She learnt hard so that she might get the scholarship. (Cô ấy đã học tập chăm chỉ vì vậy cô ấy có thể đạt được học bổng)
II/ Bài tập luyện tập câu phức trong Tiếng Anh
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer
1. My mother used to tell me stories_______________ I went to bed.
A. since
B. until
C. before
2. You better take the keys_______________________ I’m not out.
A. in case
B. since
C. after
3. My mother like eating fried chicken______________ it’s very bad for his health.
A. because
B. although
C. when
4. Yesterday, Jim was playing the piano_____________his sister was playing the flute
A. as
B. although
C. while
5. You shouldn’t spend too much on computer_____________ it is harmful to your eyes.
A. as
B. when
C. although
6. I will phone you ___________________ I get there.
A. while
B. as soon as
C. until
7. The scientist usually works in his lab____________ the sun sets.
A. until
B. as soon as
C. although
8.____________you promise not to tell lies again, I won’t forgive you.
A. If
B. Even If
C. Unless
9._____________her legs were hurt, she made attempt to finish the running track.
A. Even If
B. As if
C. even though
10. She talked_____________ she witnessed the accident. But in fact she knew nothing.
A. as if
B. even though
C. even If
Exercise 2: Match
A | B |
1. Jane didn’t realize her mistakes | a. when snow started to fall |
2. They were playing in the backyard | b. though it is distant from our house |
3. If you show your attempt in your work, | c. before they move here. |
4. This couple had been in New York City for two years. | d. I still travel by public transportations |
5. My mother often shops at the local supermarket. | e. so that I will have decent job in the future |
6. It has been ages | f. you may get promotion soon |
7. I try to study hard | g. until her mother pointed it out for her |
8. Even If own a car | h. since we last encountered |
Exercise 3: By using the words in brackets, join each of the following sentences into logical ones. You may need to change some of the words.
1. He bought a jeep. His friend advised him against it. (although)
_____________________________________________
2. Good writing requires general and abstract words as well as specific and concrete ones. It is the latter that make writing vivid, real and clear. (though)
_____________________________________________
3. It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields. (so ... that)
_____________________________________________
4. The politician is concerned with successful elections. The statesman is interested in the future of his people. (whereas)
_____________________________________________
5. He chose to study computer science. Computer science has good employment prospects. (because of)
_____________________________________________
Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with the correct subordinator
1. The sick man went to Paris __________ he could be treated there.
2. Jack won’t come __________ he has finished his homework.
3. Unfortunately, the ambulance reached __________ the injured man had died.
4. __________ Lucy goes, she makes friends.
5. __________ Tim was smart, he couldn’t pass the test.
6. __________ his severe illness, he kept on going to work everyday.
7. Somebody called me __________ I was having a shower.
8. __________ it snows tonight, there will be no school tomorrow.
9. The problem of global warming is becoming more serious __________ pollution is increasing.
10. You should bring think coats_________ the temperature falls at night.
11. _____________ my sister doesn’t like eating salad, she eats it regularly to keep fit.
12. I won’t come to Jim’s party___________ he invites me.
13. _________ you tell me the truth, I can’t help you.
14. _________ the fire fighters arrived, the fire had already been put out by the local residents.
15. You can leave early ________________ you want to.
Exercise 5: Complete the sentence with the appropriate subordinating conjunctions from the word box
even though | before | since | until |
because | when | whenever | while |
1. Samantha is happy ______________ she won the championship
2. Jean cleaned the table ______________ her mom did the dishes
3. ______________ Dan was sick, he went to work.
4. Samantha can’t relax ______________ her exams are over.
5. Liza hasn’t seen her aunt ______________ she was a teenager
6. Patricia visits the zoo ______________ she loves animals
7. We put away our toys ______________ Mom returns from work.
8. ______________ Brian watered all the plants, I didn’t have to.
9. We were surprised ______________ the magician pulled the rabbot out of the hat.
10. ______________ Mom goes shopping, she brings a treat for me.
Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences keeping the same meaning
1. Although she didn’t want to see The Lord of the Rings, she enjoyed it in the end.
_____________________________________________
2. They visited Madrid although they didn’t have time to visit El Prado.
_____________________________________________
3. Although it was raining, we decided to go anyway
_____________________________________________
4. People use money so that they can buy things they need. (in order to)
_____________________________________________
5. Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe. (in order to)
_____________________________________________
6. I need to buy some laundry so that I will wash my clothes. (in order to)
_____________________________________________
7. I came to this school so that I could learn English. (in order to)
_____________________________________________
III/ Đáp án bài tập luyện tập
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer
1. C | 2. A | 3. B | 4. C | 5. A |
6. B | 7. A | 8. C | 9. C | 10. A |
Exercise 2: Match
1. g | 2. a | 3. f | 4. c | 5. b | 6. h | 7. e | 8. d |
Exercise 3: By using the words in brackets, join each of the following sentences into logical ones. You may need to change some of the words.
1. He bought a jeep although his friend advised him against it.
2. Though good writing requires general and abstract words as well as specific and concrete ones, it is the latter that make writing vivid, real and clear.
3. It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.
4. The politician is concerned with successful elections, whereas the statesman is interested in the future of his people.
5. He chose to study computer science because of the good employment prospects.
Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with the correct subordinator
1. The sick man went to Paris _____so that_____ he could be treated there.
2. Jack won’t come ____unless______ he has finished his homework.
3. Unfortunately, the ambulance reached _____after_____ the injured man had died.
4. ___Whenever_______ Lucy goes, she makes friends.
5. ___Although_______ Tim was smart, he couldn’t pass the test.
6. ___In spite of_______ his severe illness, he kept on going to work everyday.
7. Somebody called me _____while_____ I was having a shower.
8. _____If_____ it snows tonight, there will be no school tomorrow.
9. The problem of global warming is becoming more serious _____because_____ pollution is increasing.
10. You should bring think coats____in case_____ the temperature falls at night.
11. ____although/ though/ even though_________ my sister doesn’t like eating salad, she eats it regularly to keep fit.
12. I won’t come to Jim’s party____even if_______ he invites me.
13. _____Unless____ you tell me the truth, I can’t help you.
14. __When_______ the fire fighters arrived, the fire had already been put out by the local residents.
15. You can leave early ________if________ you want to.
Exercise 5: Complete the sentence with the appropriate subordinating conjunctions from the word box
1. Samantha is happy ______because________ she won the championship
2. Jean cleaned the table ____while__________ her mom did the dishes
3. __Even though____________ Dan was sick, he went to work.
4. Samantha can’t relax ______until________ her exams are over.
5. Liza hasn’t seen her aunt ________since______ she was a teenager
6. Patricia visits the zoo ______because________ she loves animals
7. We put away our toys _____before_________ Mom returns from work.
8. ____When__________ Brian watered all the plants, I didn’t have to.
9. We were surprised _________when_____ the magician pulled the rabbit out of the hat.
10. ___Whenever___________ Mom goes shopping, she brings a treat for me.
Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences keeping the same meaning
1. In spite of not wanting to see the Lord of the Rings, she enjoyed it in the end.
2. They visited Madrid despite not having time to visit El Prado.
3. In spite of the fact that it was raining, we decided to go anyway.
4. People use money in order to buy things they need
5. Banks are developed in order to keep people’s money safe.
6. I need to buy some laudry detergent in order to wash my clothes.
7. I came to this school in order to learn English.
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